Chiito chinotyisa chekuchengetedza chiri kurwirwa kudzivirira iyo Galapagos - nzvimbo inozivikanwa yemhuka dzesango - kukuvadzwa nebudiriro. Mahotera, madisko, uye mataundishipi matsva abuda pane akati wandei ezvitsuwa, uye huwandu hwevanhu hwakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri mumakore gumi. Denga reDarwin rakachena ikozvino imba yekugara kune vanhu makumi matatu, pamwe nevashanyi 10 gore rega.
Kunyangwe 97 muzana yezviwi ichiumba paki yenyika umo kusimudzira kwakarambidzwa, mataundi ari kunze kwepaki akawedzera howa. Ivo vava Mecca kune vechidiki maEcuadoreans vanosvika kubva kumahombekombe kumatikiti emhepo anodhura. Kudiwa kwavo kwema discos uye mahombekombe kunogona kushandura zvikamu zvezvitsuwa kuita Ibiza yekumabvazuva kwePacific. Zvitsuwa, mamaira mazana matanhatu kubva kumahombekombe, vari kurwisa matambudziko akati wandei kamwechete. Kune mhomho yevashanyi, iyo yakapetwa kana kubva muna 600 uye yakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri kubvira 1990. Kune kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvakare kuunzwa kwemhuka dzinoparadza nemhuka dzakadai sembudzi, makonzo, imbwa uye mombe.
Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa neCharles Darwin Foundation, sangano rekutsvagisa rakavakirwa paSanta Cruz, chinonyanya kuwanda muzvitsuwa, zvinoratidza kuti 60 muzana yemakumi matanhatu neshanu emiti yemiti iri kutyisidzirwa. Feral mbudzi anga ari musoro mukuru, akaunzwa mhando dzemiti (168) ikozvino kuwanda kupfuura izvo zviriko (vangangoita mazana mashanu). Vanopfuura mazana mashanu zvipukanana zvisiri zvemo zvakaunzwa, kunyanya vasingazivi. Imwe, nhunzi inouraya, iri kurwisa shasha dzakakurumbira dzaDarwin, sekureva kweUK-based Galapagos Conservation Trust.
Dzimwe mhando dzinokanganisa dzinounzwa muzvikepe zvevashanyi uye ngarava dzinotakura zvinhu dzinokwidza chikafu nemafuta kune vanhu vari kuwedzera. Chirevo chazvino pamusoro peGalapagos nemapoka ekuchengetedza vanoti ngarava idzi dzinowanzo bata mvura yakaburitsirwa mugungwa. Mwedzi uno magazini yesainzi Global Change Biology yakaratidza kuti, pamakumi mana nematatu akatyisidzirwa nemhando dzegungwa dzeGalapagos, chimwe chete muzvishanu chinogona kunge chatovepo.
Pamusoro pazvose, zviwi zviri kunetsekana nekutsikirira vanhu venyika vanobva kumahombekombe vanoona yavo nyika yePacific senzvimbo nyowani yakashinga. Pano, vanogona kuwana mabasa akaoma kuuya neEcuador uye ayo anokwezva mibairo yepamusoro kupfuura kumba. Vashandi vekuvaka, semuenzaniso, vanowana $ 1,200 (£ 750) pamwedzi kuGalapagos, asi chete $ 500 muEcuador. Kusvikira kumavambo ema1970, vagari vaisvika zviuru zvina. Kubva ipapo, huwandu hwevanhu hwakwira zvakapetwa kanomwe, kunyange hazvo Ecuador ichangobva "kudzorera" vagari ve4,000 kunyika.
Misha midiki yakave mataundi ane ruzha. Vanoda kusvika zviuru makumi maviri vemunharaunda vanogara muPuerto Ayora paSanta Cruz. Pano, vashanyi vanowana maresitorendi mazhinji, zvitoro, mabhawa uye makirabhu ehusiku - mazhinji acho ari paCharles Darwin Avenue. Mahotera nema hostel azerewo.
Zvitsuwa zvinogarwa zvatove kugomera pasi pechivakwa chinonetsa chinosanganisira zvikoro makumi maviri nepfumbamwe nenhandare nhatu. Ndege dzekutengesa kuenda kuGalapagos dzakawedzera ne29 muzana pakati pa193 na2001. Huwandu hwemotokari muSanta Cruz chete hwakawedzera kubva pa2006 muna 28 kusvika pa1980 1,276 muna 2006. Charles Darwin Foundation inofungidzira kuti shiri 9,000 dzakaurawa mumugwagwa mukuru gore rega rega. pakati pa2004 na2006.
Dzvinyiriro idzi hadzina kucherechedzwa. Muna 2007, Unesco, sangano reUnited Nations rinotarisa nzvimbo dzenhaka dzepasi rose, rakaisa zviwi pachiratidziro chiri panjodzi, zvichisimbisa mamiriro akaoma. PaZuva reGalapagos munaGunyana wegore rino, Sir David Attenborough vakayambira kuti vaive panguva yekumira: "Nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekupindira kwevanhu, mhuka zhinji dzave kutyisidzirwa nekutsakatika." Vakati pasina kukurumidza kuita izvi "pfuma chaiyo icharasika nekusingaperi."
Asi, pasi pehurumende nyowani yeEcuador, maGalapagos anga achirwisa kuparadza. MuQuito, guta guru reEcuadorean, Mutungamiri Rafael Correa vari kuyedza kuita chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekutyisidzira zviwi. "Chinhu chekutanga chandakaita pandakapinda pachigaro muna Ndira 2007 yaive yekumisikidza vanhu kukwikwidza kuGalapagos," akaudza The Independent nemusi weSvondo nguva pfupi yadarika.
VaCorrea vanoda kuita chokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakapihwa kuchitsuwa ichi uye nemiti yayo inoshamisa uye mhuka pavakaziviswa paki yenyika makore 50 apfuura. Anoti anodada nenyaya yekuti akasunda kuburikidza nebumbiro rekutanga pasi rino rinoisa zvakasikwa munzvimbo yepamusoro. Chinyorwa chayo chekutanga chinozivisa kuti: "Zvisikwa kana Pachamama, panotangira hupenyu, ine mvumo yekuvapo, yekupedzisira nekumutsiridza hupenyu hwayo, maumbirwo ayo, mashandiro uye maitiro enzira yekushanduka." Chirongwa chakasimba chakabvisa makumi matanhatu nemazana matanhatu embudzi, mbongoro, uye nguruve kubva kuIsabela Island, sekureva kweGalapagos Conservation Trust. Dzimwe dzakatyisidzirwa dzesango marudzi ari kutanga kupora.
Sekureva kwezvitsuwa zvikuru makumi maviri, veEcuadoreans vanoedza kuchengetedza kusvibiswa pasi pekutonga kwakasimba uye kudzikisa mafuta anopinzwa kunopa simba rakawanda uye kufamba pazvitsuwa. "Ndine shungu kwazvo kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi muGalapagos kuburikidza nemhepo," anodaro Marcela Aguinaga, gurukota rezvemamiriro ekunze reEcuador. “Asi haisi nyore kufamba nechikepe. Unofanira kuedza kudzivirira shiri dzichibhururuka dzichipinda mumavheni emagetsi emhepo. Uye harisi basa riri nyore. ”
Kune imwe nhanho, kushanya kunodzorwa nemutengo wakakwira wekuenda kuzvitsuwa nekuraramo, zvakasanganiswa nemutero we $ 110 unobhadharwa kune vashanyi vekunze. Unesco yakumbira Ecuador kuti ichengetedze pekugara nyowani mumataundi ezvitsuwa. Varidzi vepahotera nedzimba dzekubhodhira vari, zvakadaro, vanopokana miganho panhamba dzevashanyi.
Kuchengetedza kukuru kuri kuwedzerwa pane hofori hofori idzo dzakatetepa matemba dzakayeuchidza vaSpanish nezvezvigaro (galapagos) zvakapfekwa nepackhorses. Mune imwe yepasirose-inocherechedzwa zvakanyanya zviitiko kunze kweLas Vegas, vakadzi vaviri hofori hofori, vasingamiriri vanonzi Mukadzi Mukadzi 106 uye 107, vakatangazve kuisa mazai gore rapfuura, vatanhatu uye vashanu zvichiteerana, rinotarisirwa nevashandi veGiant Tortoise Reproductive uye Nurture Center paSanta Cruz. Pangozi kwaive kupona kwerumwe rudzi.
Mukadzi 106 anga ave ari shamwari yaSolitario Jorge (Lonely George) kwemakore gumi nematanhatu. Mamwe emazai ake akachengetwa pa16C kukurudzira, kana ikasangana, kubuda kwevakadzi: mamwe maviri akachengetwa pa29.5C netariro yekuti angave echirume. Mukadzi 28 anga aine hukama hupfupi naSolitario Jorge. Hapana chimwe chevanegumi nevaviri chakaratidza kuti chakaiswa hurume.
Solitario Jorge anofungidzirwa kuve wekupedzisira mupenyu mumutsara wake, Geochelone abingdoni. Kuva pakati pemakore makumi matanhatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe ekuberekwa, uye nekudaro achiri mukukura kwehupenyu, anonyatso chengetedza masimba ekubereka. Tariro inobuda nekusingaperi yekuti magene ake achapfuudzwa nekukurumidza.
Mune mamwe mativi eEcuador basa rekugadzirisa rasvika nguva dzaenda. Pakutanga mauto ehondo aibvumidza makambani emafuta eAmerica kuparadza nzvimbo dzesango reAmazonia nekuchera kwavo. Iye zvino Mutungamiri Correa vari kukurudzira zano rekutora nyika dzakasimukira kuti dziripire Ecuador nekurasikirwa kwemari - iti € $ 350ma gore - kana ichichengeta oiri yayo isina kuchena muvhu. Germany inoita kunge inofarira chibvumirano chakadai nezvezvakatipoteredza. Asi, sekureva kwenyika yese, zvichave nekutongwa kwaVaCorrea kweveGalapagos kuti vachatongwa.
