Sangano reInternational Air Transport Association (IATA) neMcKinsey & Company rakaburitsa ongororo yemafambiro anoita pundutso mukati memutambo wendege unoratidza kuti pundutso inosiyana zvakanyanya nechikamu. Chidzidzo ichi zvakare chinoratidza kuti muunganidzwa, ndege dzinoita zvishoma pakudzoka kwemari kwaiwanzotarisirwa nemudzvanyiriri.

Kunyange zvazvo pasina nzira yakajeka yekukurumidza kuenzanisazve kukosha kweketani, chidzidzo chacho chinogumisa kuti kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha-kusanganisira decarbonization uye kugovana-data-apo kushanda pamwe chete uye kugovera-mitoro kuchabatsira vose vatori vechikamu chekukosha.

Zvakanakisa kubva muKunzwisisa Pandemic's Impact paiyo Aviation Value Chain kudzidza inosanganisira:

Capital Kuparadza: Zvisinei nekuunza purofiti inoshanda isati yasvika (2012-2019), ndege dzakaungana hadzina kuburitsa hupfumi pamusoro peiyo Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). Paavhareji boka Return in Invested Capital (ROIC) rinogadzirwa nendege raive 2.4% pazasi peWACC, pamwe chete vachiparadza avhareji ye17.9 bhiriyoni yemari gore rega rega.
Value Creation: Pre-denda, zvikamu zvese zveketani yekukosha kunze kwendege dzakaunzwa ROIC inopfuura yeWACC, ine nhandare dzendege dzinotungamira paki mumutengo wakakwana wekudzoka nekupa mubairo vatengesi neavhareji yemadhora 4.6 bhiriyoni pagore pamusoro peWACC (3% yemari inowanikwa. ) Kana zvichionekwa sechikamu chemari, mafemu eGlobal Distribution Systems (GDSs)/Travel Tech akawedzera rondedzero neavhareji yekudzoka kwe8.5% yemari iri pamusoro peWACC ($700 miriyoni pagore), ichiteverwa nevanobata pasi (5.1% yemari kana $1.5 bhiriyoni. pagore), uye Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) pa4.4% yemari ($ 1.0 bhiriyoni pagore).
Pandemic Kuchinja: Kunyangwe denda (2020-2021) rakaona kurasikirwa mukati meiyo kukosha kweketani, mumashoko akakwana kurasikirwa kwendege kwakatungamira paki, neROIC ichidonha pasi peWACC neavhareji yemadhora zviuru zana nemazana mana pagore (-104.1% yemari). Nhandare dzendege dzakaona ROIC ichidonha $20.6 bhiriyoni pazasi peWACC uye ichigadzira kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi sechikamu chemari (-34.3% yemari).

“Ongororo iyi inotsinhira kuti vendege vakavandudza mari yavo mumakore akatevera dambudziko reGlobal Financial Crisis. Asi zvakare inoratidza zvakajeka kuti vendege, paavhareji, havana kukwanisa kubatsirwa nemari kusvika pamwero wakafanana nevanopa uye vabatsiri vezvivakwa. Mibayiro yepakati kukosha kwecheni zvakare haina kuenzana nenjodzi. Ndege dzinonyanya kunetseka nekuvhunduka asi dzine mari shoma yekuvaka nayo mari,” akadaro Willie Walsh, Director General weIATA.

“Denda rakaona vatambi vese vachiwira mukurasikirwa kwehupfumi. Sezvo indasitiri inopora kubva mudambudziko, mubvunzo wakanyanya kukosha wechidzidzo ndewekuti: kugovanisa kwakaringana kwekudzoka kwehupfumi uye njodzi inogona kuitika munyika yepashure pedenda? akadaro Walsh.

Shanduko dzakati wandei muchimiro chekudzoka kwehupfumi hwendege dzinoonekwa muchidzidzo ichi:

Nepo vatakuri venetiweki vakasaita chikamu chemutengo wakaderera (LCCs) pre-denda, avhareji yehupfumi inodzoka nevatakuri venetiweki yakapfuura iyo yeLCC panguva yedenda. Mukaha uripo pakati pevaviri, zvisinei, wakadzikira sezvo kupora kuri kufambira mberi.
Ndege dzinoshanda nendege dzinotakura vanhu dzine pundutso kuita kwemari neROI ingangoita gumi muzana. Saka, pundutso yevatakuri vemitoro yaive reverse yendege dzaitakura vese vafambi uye mitoro. Kana tichienzanisa, kuita kwevatakuri vese vanotakura zvinhu kuchiri pazasi peavhareji ROIC kune vanotakura zvinhu izvo zvakatanga dambudziko painoda kusvika 10% yemari uye yakakura kusvika makumi mana muzana emari panosvika 15.
Mudunhu, zvaive pachena kuti muunganidzwa weNorth America vatakuri vakapinda mudambudziko vaine hutano hwakanyanya uye kuita kwakasimba kwemari. Mufananidzo wekupora waive usina kujeka muna 2021, asi wawira mukati medambudziko, nzira yekupora kwedunhu iri zvakare yakanyanya.

Sei makambani endege achiunza kudzoka kwehupfumi kwakakwana?

Ongororo yakagadziridzwa yemasimba anoumba purofiti yendege yakatanga muna 2011 naMuzvinafundo Michael Porter weHarvard Business School inoratidza kuti pave neshanduko shoma yakanaka.

Competitive Fragmented Industry: Indasitiri yendege inokwikwidza zvakanyanya, yakakamukana uye iri pasi pezvipingamupinyi zvakakwirira zvekubuda nezvipingamupinyi zvakaderera kupinda.
Chimiro chevatengesi, vatengi uye chiteshi: Huwandu hwevatengesi vane simba, kubuda kwedzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzekufamba nendege, zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvine mutengo wakaderera wekuchinja uye nharaunda yevatengi vakakamukana hunhu hwenzvimbo inoshanda.

“Zvakaoma kuona kuti masimba akadzika midzi aya achachinja sei zvakanyanya munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Muzviitiko zvizhinji zvido zveavo vari mu value cheni zvakangosiyana zvakanyanya kuti zvishande sevadyidzani kufambisa shanduko iyo inogona kushandura zvine mutsindo chimiro chepurofiti mukati meiyo kukosha kwecheni. Ndosaka IATA ichiramba ichidaidzira kuhurumende kuti dzigadzirise zvirinani vatengesi vedu vega kana vepedyo-vanopa senhandare dzendege, ANSPs neGDSs, "akadaro Walsh.

Kuvhotera kweIATA kuchangoburwa kunoratidza kunzwisisa kweveruzhinji kukosha kwekutonga monopoly supplies. Vamwe 85% yevatengi vakavhoterwa muongororo yenyika gumi neimwe vakabvuma kuti mitengo inobhadhariswa nendege inofanirwa kudzorwa yakazvimirira, senge zvekushandisa.

Kubatana

Chidzidzo che value cheni chakaburitsawo dzimwe nzvimbo dzinofarira zvakafanana uko kubatana kukuru kwaizounza mabhenefiti kune vese. Mienzaniso miviri yakataurwa muchidzidzo ichi inosanganisira:

Kubudirira kunoitwa nedata: Kubhururuka kwendege kunogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwe data. Padanho rekushanda, kugovera dhata kuvaka mufananidzo wakakwana wekuti sarudzo dzezuva nezuva dzinokanganisa sei vatengi, nhandare dzendege, marongero endege / kufamba kwevashandi, uye kushandiswa kwenzira yekufamba kwendege kuri kutobatsira kufambisa hunyanzvi hwevatambi vese vemaindasitiri pane dzimwe nhandare dzendege. Iyi nheyo imwechete inogona kushandiswa muindasitiri yese kuita zvirinani zvenguva refu sarudzo munzvimbo dzinosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro, uye kuvandudza hunyanzvi.
Decarbonization: Kuwana net zero carbon emissions panosvika 2050 hazvigone kuitwa nendege chete. Vatengesi vemafuta edzimotokari vanofanirwa kuita kuti mafuta emuchadenga aenderere mberi avepo akawanda akakwana nemitengo inokwanisika. ANSPs inofanirwa kupa nzira dzakakwana dzinoderedza kuburitswa. Vagadziri veinjini nendege vanofanirwa kuunza kumusika ndege dzine mafuta akawanda uye kutora mukana wepasi kana zero kabhoni propulsion nzira dzakadai sehydrogen kana magetsi. Avo vanopa sevhisi munzvimbo yeairport vanozoda kuchinjisa kumotokari dzemagetsi.

"Hapana mhinduro yemashiripiti yekudzoreredza kukosha kweketani. Asi zviri pachena kuti zvinofarirwa nehurumende, vafambi uye vamwe vatori vechikamu veketani vanopihwa zvakanyanya nevatori vechikamu vane hutano hwemari-uye kunyanya ndege. Mubatanidzwa wemirau iri nani uye kubatira pamwe munzvimbo dzine fariro inogona kufambisa tsono. Uye kune dzinenge nzvimbo mbiri dzakaibva dzekubatana uye kugovana mitoro-kutevera data-inotungamirwa nekubudirira kuwana uye decarbonization, "akadaro Walsh.

“Tinodada nekubatana neIATA kubva 2005 pakunzwisisa kukosha kwakagadzirwa mukati memutambo wendege. Nekufamba kwenguva, maindasitiri endege akaona matambudziko akati wandei uye kudzoka. Asi haina kumbobvira yave neaviation value cheni yakazara yakadzosa mutengo wayo we capital. Ndege dzagara dziri chinhu chisina kusimba, kunyangwe mumakore avo epamusoro zvisingadzore mutengo wemari. Asi kune mahwina-mahwina, uye makambani pachetani yekukosha anogona kushanda pamwe chete kushandira vatengi, nekuvandudza kukosha, "akadaro Nina Wittkamp, Partner kuMcKinsey.