KOMODO ISLAND, Indonesia - Madhiragoni eKomodo ane mazino akafanana neshaki uye huturu hune chepfu hunogona kuuraya munhu mukati memaawa akawanda ekurumwa. Zvakadaro vagari vekumaruwa vakagara kwezvizvarwa nedzvinyu hombe pasirese havana kutya - kusvika shato dzatanga kurwisa.
Nyaya idzi dzakapararira nekukasira mukupwanya uku kwezvitsuwa zvinopisa zviri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIndonesia, nzvimbo chete iyo zvinokambaira zviri mungozi zvinogona kuwanikwa musango: Vanhu vaviri vakaurayiwa kubva 2007 - mukomana mudiki nemuredzi - uye vamwe vakakuvara zvakaipisisa mushure mekupomerwa mhosva. unprovoked.
Komodo dhiragoni kurwiswa kuchiri kushoma, nyanzvi dzinocherekedza. Asi kutya kuri kutenderera mumisha yekuredza, pamwe nemibvunzo pamusoro pekugara zvakanaka nemadhiragoni mune ramangwana.
Main, ane makore 46 ekuberekwa anochengeta mupaki, ainyora mapepa apo shato yakatsvedza kukwira masitepisi eimba yake yemapuranga muKomodo National Park ndokuenda kunoona zviziso zvemakumbo zvakarembera pasi pedhesiki. Muchengetedzi paakaedza kuvhura shaya dzine simba dzechikara, yakavhara mazino acho muruoko rwake.
“Ndaifunga kuti handaizorarama… ndakapedza hafu yeupenyu hwangu ndichishanda neKomodos uye handisati ndamboona zvakadaro,” akadaro Main, achinongedza maburi ake akatsemuka, akasonwa nemasono makumi mashanu nemashanu uye achakazvimba mushure memwedzi mitatu. “Sezvineiwo, shamwari dzangu dzakanzwa kuchema kwangu ndokundiendesa kuchipatara nenguva.”
Komodos, iyo inozivikanwa munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka muUnited States kuenda kuEurope, inokura kuita 10 metres (3 metres) kureba uye 150 pounds (70 kilograms). Yese inofungidzirwa 2,500 yakasara musango inogona kuwanikwa mukati me700-square-mamaira (1,810-square-kilometer) Komodo National Park, kunyanya pazvitsuwa zvayo zviviri zvikuru, Komodo neRinca. Madzvinyu paPadar yakavakidzana nayo akaparadzwa muma1980 apo vavhimi vakauraya mhuka yavo huru, nondo.
Kunyangwe kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo, kukura kwepaki - uye kushomeka kwevarindi - kunoita kuti zvisaite kutenderera, akadaro Heru Rudiharto, nyanzvi yebiology uye nyanzvi yezvinokambaira. Vagari vemumusha uyu vanoti shato idzi dzine nzara uye dzine hasha kuvanhu nekuti chikafu chadzo chiri kubirwa zvisiri pamutemo, kunyange hazvo vakuru vepakaki iyi vachikasira kupokana.
Madzvinyu makuru agara aine njodzi, akadaro Rudiharto. Zvisinei hazvo dzingaratidzika kuva dzakapfava, dzichirembera pasi pemiti uye dzakatarira gungwa dziri mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa dzine jecha jena, dzinokurumidza, dzakasimba uye dzinouraya.
Mhuka idzi dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzakabva kudzvinyu hombe pachitsuwa chikuru cheIndonesia Java kana Australia makore 30,000 18 apfuura. Dzinogona kusvika pakumhanya kwemamaira 30 (anenge makiromita XNUMX) paawa, makumbo adzo achimonereka pamapendekete adzo akaderera, masikweya seanorova mazai.
Kana dzabata mhuka dzadzinenge dzabata, dzinoita manyemwe ekuruma zvinoburitsa uturu, sekureva kweongororo itsva mwedzi uno mupepanhau Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vanyori, avo vakashandisa matumbu akavhiyiwa kubva kudhiragoni yairwara zvisingaite paSingapore Zoo, vakarasa dzidziso yekuti mhuka inofa nechepfu yeropa inokonzerwa neutachiona hune chepfu mumukanwa medzvinyu.
“Mazino marefu, akaita jena ndiwo chombo chikuru. Vanoburitsa maronda akadzika aya, "akadaro Bryan Fry weYunivhesiti yeMelbourne. “Asi huturu hunoita kuti irambe ichibuda ropa uye hunowedzera kuderedza BP, zvoita kuti mhuka iyi iswedere pedyo nekufenda.”
Vanhu vana vakaurayiwa mumakore makumi matatu neshanu apfuura (35, 2009, 2007 na2000) uye vangangoita vasere vakakuvadzwa mumakore gumi chete. Asi vakuru vepaki vanoti nhamba idzi hadzisi kutyisa zvakanyanya nekuwanda kuri kuita vashanyi uye nevanhu zviuru zvina vanogara pakati pavo.
"Chero nguva painenge ichirwiswa, inowana kutariswa kwakawanda," Rudiharto akadaro. "Asi imhaka yekuti dzvinyu iri rakasiyana, nderechinyakare, uye hariwanikwe chero kupi kunze kwepano."
Zvakadaro, kurwiswa kwazvino kungadai kusina kuuya panguva yakaipisisa.
Hurumende iri kuita mushandirapamwe nesimba kuti paki iyi ipinde parunyorwa rutsva rweZvinomwe Zvinoshamisa Zvezvisikwa - pfuti refu, asi kuyedza kusimudza ruzivo. Makomo epaki ane matombo uye savannas imusha kune shiri dzine tsoka dzeorenji, nguruve dzemusango uye mabhiza madiki emusango, uye akapoteredzwa macoral reef nemabays anotakura anopfuura gumi nemaviri emhando dzewhale, ma dolphin neturtle dzegungwa.
Claudio Ciofi, anoshanda kuDhipatimendi reMhuka Biology uye Genetics paYunivhesiti yeFlorence kuItaly, akati kana komodos ine nzara, inogona kukwezvwa kumisha nekunhuhwirira kwekuomesa hove uye kubika, uye "kusangana kunogona kuwedzera. ”
Vagari vomumusha vanoshuva kuti dai vaiziva mhinduro yacho.
Vanoti vagara murunyararo neKomodos. Imwe ngano yetsika yakakurumbira inotaura nezvomurume akamboroora dhiragoni “mwanasikana wamambo”. Mapatya avo, mukomana wevanhu, Gerong, uye musikana wedzvinyu, Orah, vakaparadzaniswa pakuberekwa.
Gerong paakakura, nyaya inoenda, akasangana nechikara chinotyisa musango. Asi paakanga oda kupfura pfumo, mai vake vakabva vaoneka vachiratidza kuti vaviri ava vaiva mukoma nemunin’ina.
"Madhiragoni angaite hasha kudaro sei?" Hajj Amin, makumi mashanu neshanu, achitora nguva yakareba achikweva fodya yake, sevamwe vakuru vemusha vakaungana pasi peimba yemapuranga pamatanda vakagutsurira. Madhiragoni akati wandei akamira pedyo, achikwezvwa nekunhuhwirira kwehove dziri kuoma pamameti emushenjere pasi pezuva raipisa zvikuru. Paifambawo paiva nembudzi nehuku dzakawanda.
“Havana kumbotirwisa pataifamba toga musango, kana kurwisa vana vedu,” akadaro Amin. "Tese tiri kushushikana nazvo."
Madhiragoni anodya chikamu che80 muzana chehuremu hwawo uye ozoenda asina kudya kwemavhiki akawanda. Amin nevamwe vanoti shato idzi dzine nzara nechikonzero chemutemo wa1994 unorambidza vagari vekumaruwa kudzipa chikafu.
“Taivapa mapfupa nedehwe remhembwe,” akadaro mubati wehove.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura vagari vomumusha vakatsvaka mvumo yokudyisa nguruve dzomusango kuKomodos kakawanda pagore, asi vakuru vakuru vepaka vanoti izvozvo hazviitiki.
"Kana tikarega vanhu vachivadyisa, vanongoita nungo uye vorasikirwa nekugona kuvhima," akadaro Jeri Imansyah, imwe nyanzvi yezvinokambaira. “Rimwe zuva zvichavauraya. ”
Kurwiswa kwakatanga kuita kuti vagari vemumusha vangwarire kwakaitika makore maviri apfuura, apo Mansyur ane makore masere akakuvadzwa kusvika afa paaiita tsvina mumakwenzi kuseri kwemba yake yemapuranga.
Vanhu vakabva vakumbira kuti mudhuri wekongiri uvakwe 6-foot-high (2-metres) kutenderedza misha yavo, asi pfungwa iyoyo, zvakare, yakarambwa. Mukuru wepaka, Tamen Sitorus, akati: “Chikumbiro chinoshamisa. Haugoni kuvaka fenzi yakadaro mukati mepaki yenyika!”
Vagari vakagadzira chipingamupinyi chemiti nemapazi akatyoka, asi vanonyunyuta kuti zviri nyore kuti mhuka dzipaze.
“Tinotya zvikuru zvino,” akadaro Riswan ane makore 11 okukura, achiyeuka kuti mavhiki mashomanene apfuura vadzidzi vakaridza sei mhere apo vakaona rimwe remadzvinyu hofori mumunda une huruva seri kwechikoro chavo. “Taifunga kuti yaizopinda mukirasi medu. Pakupedzisira takakwanisa kuidzinga tichikwira gomo nokukandira matombo uye tichishevedzera kuti ‘Hoohh Hoohh.’”
Ipapo, mwedzi miviri chete yapfuura, mubati wehove ane makore 31 okukura Muhamad Anwar akaurawa apo akatsika dzvinyu muuswa apo akanga achienda kumunda kunotanha muchero mumuti weshuga.
Kunyange vachengeti vemapaki vanotya.
Mazuva apera ekuti dzvinyu dzvinyu richikwenya miswe, richimbundikira musana richimhanya pamberi pavo richiita sevari kudzingirirwa, akadaro Muhamad Saleh, uyo akashanda nemhuka idzi kubva mugore ra1987.
“Hazvichaiti,” anodaro, akatakura tsvimbo yakareba mamita matanhatu (6-mita) kwose kwaanoenda kuti adzivirirwe. Zvadaro, achidzokorora mutsara wakakurumbira wakaitwa nomudetembi ane mukurumbira wokuIndonesia, anowedzera kuti: “Ndinoda kurarama kwechimwe chiuru chemakore.”
