Muchinyorwa chemutemo wekufamba svondo rino, tinoongorora nyaya yeLA, madiki v. Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd., Nyaya Nha. 17-cv-23184-Gayles / Otazo-Reyes (SD Fla. Chikumi 22, 2018) umo Dare akacherekedza kuti "Ichi chiito chinobva mukubatwa chibharo, bhatiri nekushungurudzwa kweMumhan'ari paanenge achifamba semunhu anokwira chikepe cheDefendant. Mumiririri, ane makore gumi nematatu panguva iyoyo, akabatanidzwa pachikepe naamai vake nemunin'ina. Mumaawa ekutanga emusi waNyamavhuvhu 16, 2015, Mumhan'ari aive nevamwe vechidiki vatakuri muraibhurari pachikepe chengarava.

Mumhan'ari anoti panosvika 2:00 AM, vaviri vanoonekwa vakadhakwa vanhu vakuru vakapinda muraibhurari yechikepe ndokurwisa pabonde uye vachirova Mupomeri. Mumiririri anoti vanhu vakuru vakarova doro zvakapfuuridzirwa… makamera ekuchengetedza… akabata vazhinji pakurwiswa, asi hapana mushandi akauya kuzomubatsira nekuti makamera anga asiri kutariswa… Plaintiff's IIED (nemaune kukonzeresa kwekushushikana mupfungwa) zvinobva kuitisa mushure mekurwa.

Mumhan'ari anoti Mukwirirwi 'akazviisa mukamuri imwechete nevapari vemhirizhonga uye akakumbira [Mumhan'ari] kuti ataure nezve zvakaitika, kunyangwe kubatwa chibharo kwainge kwakanyorwa nemakamera ekuongorora. Mumhan'ari akatya nekuti mumwe wemasoja 'akatyisidzira kucheka musoro wake nekuukanda pamusoro pechikepe kana akataura chinhu nezve zvakaitika. Mumhan'ari anoti Mumiririri akaita izvi kuti anzwisise chiitiko ichi kuvakuru, achiratidza kusava nehanya nehupenyu hwake ”. Mhanho yemumiriri yekudzinga yakaramba.

Mune iyo LA, mudiki, nyaya iyo Dare yakaratidza kuti “Kuteterera kusaremekedza pasi pemutemo wemakungwa, Mumhan'ari anofanira kupomera kuti (1) Mumhan'ari aive nebasa rekuchengetedza Mupomeri kubva mukukuvara kwakati; (2) Mumhan'ari akatyora iro basa; (3) kutyora kwacho kwakakonzeresa kukuvara kweMuchengeti uye (4) Mumhan'ari akakuvara chaiko ”.

Basa Kuongorora Chengetedzo Makamera

"Sevashanyi vengarava, Mumiririri ane chikwereti kune vanofamba napo basa re'mhaka inonzwisisika pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu '… Mumhan'ari anopikisa kuti Chichemo cheMumhan'ari chinoreva basa rakakwidziridzwa nekuti Chichemo cheMuridzi' chinotarisirwa, muchidimbu, kukundikana kweRoyal kuchengetedza uye kuongorora chengetedzo. makamera… '. Sekureva kweMupomeri 'iyi dzidziso yese yekuregeredza inofanirwa kudzingwa… sezvo pasina basa rakadai riripo pasi pemutemo wepagungwa' (zvichitora) Mizener v. Carnival Corp., 2006 WL 8430159 (SD Fla. 2006) (uye vachipokana) iyo 'Mizener yakabata zvakanyanya kuiswa kwekamera muchikepe hakugadzi basa rekutarisa kamera kuitira kuchengetedzeka uye kuchengetedzeka kwevatakuri vechikepe. Zvakadaro, mumhan'ari muMizener haana kutaura kuti aivimba nekamera, kana kuti ngarava yekushambadzira yakashambadza kamera senzira yekuchengetedza… Zvirokwazvo, matare akasiyanisa Mizener… zororo saizvozvo… Saizvozvo, Mumhan'ari anokwenenzvera zvakakwana kuvapo kwebasa rine chikwereti neMumhan'ari (kubvira) Mumhan'ari anoti Mumhan'ari akashambadza matanho ekuchengetedza mukombero wake uye kuti Ruregerero kumhan'ari pamakamera ekucheresa ngarava ”.

Cherechedzo Yemamiriro Anotyisa

"Mumiririri anoti Plaintiff akangoburitsa 'zvirevo zvisina kutaurwa zvinoratidza kuti Royal aiziva kana aifanirwa kunge achiziva nezve chero mamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi mukati mechikepe' ... (Zvisinei) Mumhan'ari anoti chiziviso chemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi mukati meyakaganhurirwa nzvimbo, Ngarava yemumhan'ari… (Mupomeri) anoti 'Mumhan'arirwi ainyatsoziva kukosha kwekuve nekutarisa makamera mukati memudziyo wavo nekuchengetedzeka kwakakodzera' nekuda kwe'matare edzimhosva nezviitiko zvisati zvataurwa, pamwe nekutongwa kwekongiresi kusati kwaitika ' zvirevo zvekushungurudzwa pabonde nekunwisa doro zvakapfurikidza… Dare rakaona kupomerwa uku kwakaringana kuti zvizivikanwe panguva ino yekutongwa ”.

Causation

"Chikepe chengarava chinogona kuve nemhosva mukuregeredza mhosva dzemunhu-wechitatu chete kana kupara mhosva kwaifanoonekwa ... Pano, Mumhan'ari anoti chokwadi chinoratidza kuti kukuvadzwa kwaakaitwa kwaifanoonekwa. Zvikurukuru, Mumhan'ari anoti vaimurwisa vaive vapihwa doro… uye zvaioneka uye kuti vaidhakwa. Kupfuurirazve, Mumiririri anoti kurwisa kwakaitika muraibhurari yechikepe uye 'mavhidhiyo makamera akaisirwa neMumhan'ari anofungidzirwa zvikonzero zvekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza, akabata ruzhinji rwekurwisa nebhatiri'. Dare iri rakanyatsobata kuti 'kunyangwe njodzi yekubatwa chibharo yaionekwa, kunyangwe Mumiririri aive panjodzi yakanyanya yekubatwa chibharo muchikepe cheDefendant's cruise, uye kana, asi pakushandisa doro, Mupomeri angadai akadzivirira kushungurudzwa pabonde, vari nyaya dzevatongi kuti vaone (vachidana Doe v. NCL (Bahamas) Ltd, 2012 WL 5512347 (SD Fla. 2012)) ".

Kukanganisa Kwepfungwa Kwekunetseka Kwemanzwiro

"Pano, Mumhan'ari, mudiki 'uyo akatya nekuti mumwe wevapari vemhosva akatyisidzira kucheka musoro wake nekuukanda mugungwa kana akataura chero chinhu pamusoro pezvaitika', anopomera kuti Mumhan'ari akamuisa 'mukamuri imwechete neya vanomubata chibharo [uye] ndokukumbira [Mumhan'ari] kuti ataure pamusoro pezvakaitika… '. Mumhan'ari anoti Mukwirirwi… airatidza kusava nehanya nehupenyu hwake… Dare rinoramba kuramba zvichemo zvaPlaintiff IIED nekuti rinoona kuti padanho rematare, chinyorwa hachina kunyatsogadzirwa… ”.

Kukuvara Punitive

"Pasi pemutemo wepagungwa, mumhan'ari anogona kudzoreredza chirango 'uko kukuvara kwemumhan'ari kwaikonzerwa nemutoo wekuda, wekuda kana wehasha wemumhan'ari… Sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, Dare rakaona kuti Mumhan'ari akataura chikonzero chaicho chekutadza uye IIED… mumatare ese ari maviri, Mumhan'ari akataura nezvehunhu hwakanyanya, nemaune uye / kana kusaita hunhu ”.

Patricia naTom Dickerson

Munyori, Thomas A. Dickerson, akashaya musi waChikunguru 26, 2018 aine makore makumi manomwe nemana. Kuburikidza nenyasha dzemhuri yake, eTurboNews ari kubvumidzwa kugovana zvinyorwa zvake zvatinazvo pafaira izvo zvaakatitumira kuti tizoburitsa vhiki nevhiki.

Iye Hon. Dickerson akarega basa seMubatanidzwa Weruramisiro weAppellate Division, Wechipiri Dhipatimendi reNew York State Dare Repamusorosoro uye akanyora nezveMutemo weKufamba kwemakore makumi mana nemaviri kusanganisira mabhuku ake emitemo anovandudzwa pagore, Mutemo Wekufamba, Law Journal Press (42), Litigating International Torts mu US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Kirasi Zviito: Mutemo we2018 States, Law Journal Press (50), uye anopfuura mazana mashanu ezvinyorwa zvemutemo mazhinji acho ari iripo pano. Zvekuwedzera zvemutemo wekufambisa nhau uye zviitiko, kunyanya munyika dzenhengo dzeEU, tinya pano.

Verenga zvakawanda zve Zvinyorwa zveJustice Dickerson pano.

Ichi chinyorwa hachigone kuburitswa pasina mvumo.

ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:

However, the plaintiff in Mizener did not claim that he relied upon the camera, or that the cruise ship advertised the camera as a security measure…Indeed, courts have distinguished Mizener…where the passenger plaintiff alleges the cruise ship advertised security cameras and the plaintiff relief on same…Accordingly, Plaintiff has adequately alleged the existence of a duty owed by Defendant (since) Plaintiff alleges Defendant advertised the safety measures aboard its vessel and that Plaintiff relief on the cruise ship's surveillance cameras”.
“Defendant argues that Plaintiff has merely presented ‘threadbare allegations that recite no facts to suggest that Royal knew or should have known of any specific dangerous condition aboard the subject vessel'…(However) Plaintiff does allege notice of a dangerous condition within a very restricted area, Defendant's cruise ship…(Plaintiff) alleges that ‘Defendant was well aware of te necessity of having surveillance cameras aboard their vessel and appropriate security' as a result of ‘prior lawsuits and prior reported incidents, as well as prior congressional hearings' involving claims of sexual assault and over-serving of alcohol…The Court finds these allegations sufficient to allege notice at this stage of the litigation”.
2006) (and arguing) that ‘Mizener specifically held that placement of a camera aboard a vessel does not create a duty to monitor the camera for the safety and security of the vessel's passengers'.