Kiyoshi Watanabe akatenga masheya eJapan Airlines Corp gore rapfuura panenge zana yen ($ 100) uye akarasikirwa pamusoro pe1.10 muzana yemari yake yekufungidzira uyo aimbove mutakuri mureza achazopa kubhuroka. Asi zvakadaro anotsigira danho rehurumende rekurega kubvisirwa mari.
"Nekuwedzerwa ropa, JAL ingangove iri kurarama se zombie," akadaro Watanabe, 44, sachigaro wesangano risingabatsiri muTokyo. “Ichi chinhu chakanaka. JAL inofanira kugadziriswa. ”
Kudada kwenyika muJAL, inowanzo kunzi "zuva rinobuda pasi pemuraira wehurumende," yakadzika kubva kuma1970, payakaisa pekutanga kashanu pakati pemakambani akapedza kudzidza kukoreji, maererano nekambani yekuisa nzvimbo yeRecruit Co, weTokyo. Iyo Tokyo-based carrier, iyo yakashuma kurasikirwa kwekutanga-hafu yemabhiriyoni zana negumi nemapfumbamwe, yakatsigirwa neane state bailouts mumakore mapfumbamwe.
"Pandakanga ndiri mudzidzi muUS, ndakava nemanzwiro akanaka pandakaona ndege yeJAL kunhandare yendege," akadaro Yukio Noguchi, purofesa wezvemari paWaseda University kuTokyo. "Kwaive kudada kwedu seJapan."
JAL akapedza wechi14 muongororo yaRecruit gore rapfuura, nepo anokwikwidza All Nippon Airways Co aive wechitatu.
Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corp. yeJapan, iyo yakabatana nehurumende inotungamira kugadziridza mutakuri, ichaita sarudzo yekupedzisira pachirongwa chayo Jan. 19, Gurukota rezvekutakurwa, Seiji Maehara, akaudza vatori venhau svondo rapfuura.
Bailout
JAL yakatanga muna 1951 seyakavanzika mutakuri anonzi Japan Air Lines. Yakava yehurumende-muna 1953, yakanzizve Japan Airlines uye yakatanga mabasa epasirese. Hurumende yakatengesa danda rayo muna 1987 uye ndege iyi yakanyoreswa.
JAL akakwereta mari isingazivikanwe kubva kuhurumende muna Gumiguru 2001 kuti agadzirise kudzikira kwekufamba zvichitevera kurwiswa kwaSeptember 11. Muna 2004, JAL yakagamuchira makumi mapfumbamwe emadhora yen muzvikwereti zvechimbichimbi kubva kuDevelopment Bank yeJapan sezvo hutachiona hweSARS nehondo yeIraq ichicheka kudiwa kwekufamba.
Yakakumbira rubatsiro rwakawanda rwehurumende muna Kubvumbi 2009, ichinyorera chikwereti chemabhiriyoni mazana maviri kubva kuDevelopment Bank yeJapan panguva yekuderera kwenyika. Mwedzi unotevera JAL yakazivisa kuderedzwa kwemabasa chiuru nemazana maviri uye yakati yaizoderedza mutengo nemabhiriyoni makumi mashanu ema yen gore remari iri.
Campaign Zvipikirwa
Mutungamiri Yukio Hatoyama vakavimbisa panguva yesarudzo yavo gore rapfuura kuti vachinje hukama pakati pehurumende, hunyanzvi nebhizimusi hombe - rakatumidzwa zita rekuti “iron triangle” yeJapan.
"Kubhuroka kuchachinja chimiro chehutongi muJapan uye hukama pakati pehurumende nemakambani," akadaro Martin Schulz, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi muFijitsu Research Institute muTokyo. "Veruzhinji zviri pachena kuti vanoda kuti dzimwe hukama hwekare dimburwe."
Hurumende yakati mutakuri acharamba achishanda. Ndege dzinopfuura zana dzakapfuura nekubhuroka kubva 100, sekureva kweWashington-based bhizinesi boka reAir Transport Association. Rondedzero yacho inosanganisira Delta Air Lines Inc., UAL Corp.'s United Airlines, Northwest Airlines Corp., US Airways Group Inc. uye Continental Airlines Inc.
Swissair pamwe nemubatanidzwa Sabena SA akakundikana muna 2001, uye New Zealand yakasimudza Air New Zealand Ltd. gore iro kudzivirira kuparara kwayo.
Phoenix-based Mesa Air Group Inc. yakamisikidzwa kubhuroka kutanga kwegore rino.
"Ini ndinofungidzira iyi ipiritsi rakaomesa kumedza vashandi veJAL pamwe nevari pamudyandigere," akadaro Kenta Kimura, ane makore makumi matatu nemasere, muzvinabhizimusi weJAL anoshanda mukusimudzira chirongwa kuJapan International Cooperation Center yeTokyo. "Mukufamba kwenguva, ndinofunga tichatarisa kumashure toti zvaive zvakanaka kugadzirisa kambani."
Kubwinya kwekare
Kuderera kwenguva refu kweJAL kunokanganisa kukatyamadza kukosha kwekubhuroka, vatengesi vanoti Kudonha kweLong-Term Kiredhiti Bhangi uye Yamaichi Kuchengetedzwa mukupera kwema1990 kwakashamisa nyika ichiuya kuzowirirana nekuputika kwehupfumi hwemabhora, nepo JAL inogona kubhuroka, inogona kunge iri yechitanhatu pakukura muJapan, yaive makore mukugadzira.
"Dai anga ari makore mashanu apfuura, zvingadai zvakave zvakaoma kurega JAL ichiparara," akadaro Mitsushige Akino, uyo anotarisira mari inosvika mamirioni mazana mana emadhora mazana masere emadhora kuTokyo-based Ichiyoshi Investment Management Co "Hakuna zvakadaro vanhu veJapan vanoda kuchengetedza JAL, iyo chete ine kubwinya kwekare. ”
Watanabe akati JAL yaive "shongwe yemitemo yenyika" pasi pehurumende yapfuura, zvichiita kuti kubhuroka kungangoitika kuve kwakanyanya kusimudzira kusimudzira.
"Ichi chaive chisarudzo chakashinga mukushandisa demo," akadaro. "Semugovani uye semugari wechiJapan, ndinofunga ndicho chaive chinhu chakakodzera kuita."
