Delicious Destination
Inowanikwa 500 mamaira kumadokero kweMorocco, Madeira chitsuwa chePortugal chiri muAtlantic Ocean. Nzvimbo dzayo dzinoshamisa, dzinosanganisira makomo akasvibira akasvibira, mawere anoyevedza, uye maguta anoyevedza ari pamahombekombe, akaita kuti ive nzvimbo yakakurumbira yekuenda kuzororo muEurope.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zveMadeira iwaini yayo, iyo inogovera zita rayo nechitsuwa. Waini yeMadeira ine nhoroondo yakapfuma kubva muzana ramakore re19, apo yaionekwa sechinwiwa chevakuru. Vapfumi uye vanonzwisisa panguva iyoyo vakatsvaga waini yeMadeira kwete chete nekuda kwekunaka kwayo asiwo nekuda kwechimiro chayo uye nekuoma kwayaimiririra.
Madeira waini inopembererwa nekuda kwemaitiro avo akasiyana. Vanouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe iine chimiro chayo chakasiyana. Mawaini aya anozivikanwa nemavara akapfuma, kubva paamber yakadzika kusvika kune goridhe mavara, ayo anokwezva nemaziso. Kunhuhwirira kwewaini yeMadeira kunokwezva zvakaenzana, ine zvinyorwa zvemichero yakaomeswa, caramel, nzungu, uye zvinonhuwira zvinogadzira bouquet yakaoma. Chii chinoita kuti waini yeMadeira iparadzanise hupenyu hwayo hurefu. Kusiyana nemamwe mawaini mazhinji, waini yeMadeira inogona kuchembera zvakanaka kwemakumi emakore, kana asiri mazana emakore, isina kurasikirwa nemhando yayo. Uhu hurefu hunoshamisa hwakaita kuti waini yeMadeira itsvakwe zvakanyanya nevateresi uye vanoda waini.
Pakutanga
Mu 18th zana remakore, waini yeMadeira yaive nemukurumbira wakasiyana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ayo emazuva ano. Munguva iyi, yaiwanzoonekwa sewaini isingadhuri uye isingaremekedzi yetafura. Yaigadzirwa pachishandiswa hwaro hwemazambiringa machena inofanira, uye kuti iwane ruvara rwaidiwa uye kunaka, vintners nevatengesi kunze kwenyika vaiwanzowedzera huwandu hwakasiyana hwehutsvuku hunofanira.
Shanduko yakakosha yakaitika panguva yekuchinja kubva ku18th kune 19th zana remakore, nguva yakaratidzwa nekusaina kweMethuen Treaty (inozivikanwawo sePort Wine Treaty) pakati peEngland nePortugal. Chibvumirano chikuru ichi chakaita kuti Portugal iite chisungo chekupedza kurambidza kwayo kupinzwa kunze kwejira remakushe echiRungu, ukuwo England yakavimbisa kupa mazambiringa ewaini yechiPutukezi nekuisa zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu chete zvemutero wekunze waishandiswa kuwaini yekuFrance. Urongwa uhwu hwaifanira kuramba huchishanda nekusingaperi. Muchiitiko icho England yakatadza kuzadzisa vimbiso dzayo, Portugal yakachengeta sarudzo yekudzoreredza kurambidza kupinzwa kunze kweshinda dzechiRungu.
Kubatana
Muna 1807, Britain yakatora kutonga kweMadeira uye izvi zvakaratidza kutanga kwewaini yeMadeira sezvatinoiziva, chigadzirwa chakarumbidzwa nemaoenophiles. Kushanduka kwewaini yeMadeira rakanga risiri basa re“nyanzvi” iri yoga. Pane kudaro, zvakabva mukuedza kwekushandira pamwe kunosanganisira kuomesesa kweAtlantic network yevagadziri, vagovanisi, uye vatengi vakapinda munhaurirano dzinofadza. Shanduko iyi yaive zvese nhamburiko yehupfumi inotungamirwa nezvido zvekutengeserana uye chiitiko chemagariro.
Trans-Atlantic commerce yakaita basa rakakosha mushanduko iyi, ichiita seyakakura uye isina kurongeka system. Yakanga iri nzira ine simba yairatidzwa neinoenderera uye dzimwe nguva inokatyamadza kupanana ruzivo pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa. Kutsinhana uku kwaisanganisira humbowo hwekuti zvinhu izvi zvaigadzirwa sei, zvakaputirwa uye zvakatumirwa sei, pamwe nekugoverwa kwadzo, kuchengetwa, kuratidzwa, uye kupedzwa.
Chaizvoizvo, waini yeMadeira iyo yakave yakaremekedzwa zvikuru mumazana emakore akatevera yaiva chibereko chekuedza kwakawanda uye kwekubatana, kwakaumbwa nekudyidzana uye hurukuro dzevanhu vari kumativi ose eAtlantic. Chaive chiratidzo chesimba reruzivo rwakagovaniswa, hutsva, uye kuravira kuri kuitika panguva iyoyo, kushandura Madeira kubva pawaini yakazvininipisa yetafura kuita chinwiwa chinopembererwa uye chekufananidzira.
A Complex Process
Mamiriro ekunze eMadeira, nekupisa kwayo kwechirimo uye kutonhora kuri muchando, anoita basa rakakosha mukuibva kwewaini. Waini inochembera mumadhiramu emuoki uye inoiswa kune yakasarudzika yekudziya uye kutonhora maitiro inozivikanwa se estufagem, iyo inopa yakasarudzika flavour uye hunhu hunoita kuti waini yeMadeira ive nemukurumbira.
Kugadzirwa kwewaini yeMadeira kunodadisa mudunhu iri, uye inoramba iri chigadzirwa chakakosha pachitsuwa ichi.
Kurimwa kwemuzambiringa paMadeira kunotariswa nekuchenjera kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwemazambiringa emhando yepamusoro anoshandiswa mukugadzira iyi waini yakasarudzika. Minda yemizambiringa inowanzogara pamateru, zvichiita kuti miticulture ishande zvakanyanya asi ine mibairo.
Kugadzirwa kwewaini yeMadeira inzira yakaoma uye yakaoma kunzwisisa yakakwenenzverwa kwemazana emakore uye yakawana mukurumbira pasi rose nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwakasiyana uye hupenyu hurefu hwakasarudzika.
1. Mhando dzemazambiringa: Madeira waini inogadzirwa kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzemazambiringa, imwe neimwe ichipa yayo yakasarudzika maitiro kune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa. Mhando dzekutanga dzemazambiringa dzinoshandiswa mukugadzira waini dzinosanganisira Sercial, Verdelho, Bual (kana Boal), uye Malvasia (inozivikanwawo seMalmsey). Mhando imwe neimwe yemazambiringa inosanganiswa nemhando yakasiyana yewaini yeMadeira, kubva pakaoma kusvika pakutapira.
2. Soil: Ivhu racho rakabva kugomo rinoputika, rakaorera, uye rakapfuma zvikuru muzvinhu zvipenyu.
3. Kurima Munda Wemizambiringa: Minda yemizambiringa iri kuMadeira inowanzoturikwa pamateru kuti iwedzere kuratidzwa kwezuva. Ivhu rinoputika pachitsuwa chacho, pamwe chete nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana, rinoita basa rinokosha pakurima mazambiringa.
4. kukohwa: Mazambiringa anokohwewa nemaoko, kazhinji mukupera kwezhizha kana kutanga kwematsutso, kana asvika padanho rinodiwa rekuibva. Nguva yekukohwa inogona kusiyana zvichienderana neyakagadzirirwa waini yeMadeira.
5. Kupwanya mazambiringa: Mushure mekukohwa, mazambiringa anopwanyika, uye muto, unozivikanwa se "must," unotorwa. Iyo inofanirwa inounganidzwa mumatangi ekuvirisa kuti iwedzere kugadziriswa.
6. Fermentation: Kare, waini yeMadeira yaiwanzoviriswa mumadhiramu emapuranga. Zvisinei, maitiro emazuva ano anowanzobatanidza matangi esimbi asina tsvina. Iyo yekuvirisa maitiro inogona kumiswa pamatanho akasiyana kuti iwane mazinga akasiyana ekutapira kana kuoma muwaini yekupedzisira.
7. Kusimbiswa: Kana mwero unodiwa wekutapira wawanikwa, kuvirisa kunomiswa nekuwedzera midzimu yemazambiringa kana brandy. Izvi zvinomisa mbiriso kubva pakushandura mashuga ese emuzambiringa kuita doro, kuchengetedza kutapira kwewaini.
8. Kukwegura: Waini yeMadeira yakwegura mumabhari emuouki, kazhinji munzvimbo inodziya uye ine unyoro, iyo inomhanyisa maitiro ekukura. Waini inoiswa kune yakasarudzika yekudziya uye kutonhora maitiro anonzi "estufagem," ayo anosanganisira kupisa waini uye wozoibvumira kuti itonhore. Iyi nzira inobatsira kune yakasarudzika flavour uye hunhu hweMadeira waini.
9. Kuchengeta: Kusanganisa inhanho yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwewaini yeMadeira, sezvo ichibvumira vanogadzira waini kuti vagadzire waini inowirirana uye yakanyatsogadzikana. Mazambiringa akasiyana uye marudzi emazambiringa anogona kusanganiswa kuti awane anodiwa maprofiles.
10. Zvikamu: Madeira waini yakakamurwa zvichienderana nemhando yavo yemazambiringa uye kutapira. Iwo mana masitaera makuru ndiSercial (yakaoma), Verdelho (pakati-yakaoma), Bual (pakati-inotapira), uye Malvasia (inotapira).
11. Bottling uye Kuchembera: Mushure mekusanganisa uye kuisa mumapoka, waini yeMadeira inowanzo chembera mumabhodhoro, ichiibvumira kunyorova uye kukura kuoma. Waini yeMadeira inozivikanwa nekukwanisa kwayo kuchembera, uye mamwe mabhodhoro anogona kuchembera kwemakumi emakore kana mazana emakore.
12. Kusarudzwa kweKutanga: Inosanganisira mahekita mazana mana nemakumi mashanu eminda yemizambiringa, uko mhando yemazambiringa yakakurumbira, inobata zvinopfuura 450% yehuwandu hweminda yemizambiringa, iTinta Negra. Mamwe marudzi emazambiringa akanaka ese machena: Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, neMalvasia.
13. ekisipoti: Yakatanga mu18th zana remakore, Madeira yaizivikanwa mumatare mazhinji eEurope, kunyanya England, France uye USA. Mune rimwe remitambo yaShakespeare isingachaperi, Mambo Henry IV, hunhu asingakanganwike, Falstaff, anopomedzerwa zvinosetsa nekuchinjanisa mweya wake nekuda kwegumbo rehuku rinonaka uye girazi rakanaka rewaini yeMadeira.
Basa reMadeira muNhoroondo yeUS
Madeira chaive chinwiwa chaidiwa pakati pevaAmerican colonist mu18th zana remakore. Yakapedzwa panguva yekusainwa kweDeclaration of Independence (1776). John Hancock, mumwe wevakasaina, aizivikanwa nerudo rwake rweMadeira uye anonzi akagocha nayo mushure mekuisa siginecha yake pagwaro renhoroondo.
George Washington, Mutungamiriri wekutanga weUS, aive nehanya nazvo. Iye anozivikanwa kuve akaunza uye akadya yakawanda yeMadeira, akaishandira paMount Vernon, nzvimbo yake, uye yakaratidzwa zvakanyanya mukuungana kwake.
Pamusoro pezvo, yaiwanzo shandiswa mudhipatimendi uye Thomas Jefferson, achishanda seGurukota reAmerica kuFrance, anozivikanwa kuve aine zvipo zvemabhodhoro ewaini yeMadeira kune vamiriri nevakuru vakuru, achiishandisa sechombo chekutaurirana uye kuvaka hukama.
Kutengeserana kweMadeira kwaive chinhu chakakosha chekutanga kutengeserana kweAmerica. Vatengesi vakapinda kunze kwenyika nekutengesa Madeira vakabatsira mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika diki.
Nepo mukurumbira waMadeira muUS wachinja nemazana emakore, inoramba iri chiratidzo chenhoroondo yehukoloni uye yepakutanga tsika yeAmerica, inomiririra kugadziridzwa kwevakakwirira uye kutendeseka kweruzhinji rwevanhu.
Mukufunga kwangu
1. Pereira D'Oliveira. Mavasia 1990
Oliveira anodada anomira seye yakasarudzika Madeira Wine kambani inozvitutumadza muunganidzwa unoshamisa weMadeira Wine mabhodhoro nemadhiramu ekutanga kuma1850s, ese anoramba aripo kuti atengerwe kutengeserana. Yakagadzirwa zvine hungwaru uye yakashongedzwa neakaomesesa pendi yemaoko muna 2018, iyo 1990 Mavasia yakakura zvine mutsindo mukati menzvimbo dzakatsveneswa dzeFrench mioki mbiya. Aya madhiramu anowana nzvimbo yawo tsvene mukati meiyo inoremekedzwa yezana ramakore rechi 17 iyo iri pakati peiyo nhoroondo Funchal.
Kunakidzwa kwekuona kwakamirira apo maziso ako achiongorora waini iyi, ine ruvara rwayo runokwezva rwechiedza caramel brown. Manzwiro anonhuwa anobatwa nekubatana kwezvinonhuhwirira, nemazambiringa akaomeswa anonaka, uchi, maranjisi akaiswa zvihwitsi, zvinonhuwirira, michero yakaomeswa, uye kashoma kashoma keacidity inoruka tapestry inokwezva. Sezvo mvura inobata mukanwa mako, inoburitsa symphony yezvinonaka - nutty nuances, hints yeginger, kupfuma kwemepu sirasi, kupenya kwemandarin, uye zest yeorenji peel.
Nekuchembera kunokatyamadza kwemakore makumi maviri kare, Mavasia anoyevedza anovimbisa kutsungirira kwemakumi emakore anotevera, chiratidzo chechokwadi cheunyanzvi hweD'Oliverira.
2. HM Borges. Tinta Negra 2005 Inotapira
Yakanyatso kucheneswa kubva kuTinta Negra mazambiringa akakohwewa pamateru anoyevedza eEstreito de Camara de Lobos uye kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kweMadeira Island, HM Borges Madeira Wine inoitwa zvine hungwaru kuvirisa iyo inobvumira tannins kunyungudika zvine nyasha uku ichigonesa kuvirisa kwakakosha kwedoro.
Yakagadzirwa mukati meNzvimbo ine mukurumbira Demarcated yeMadeira Archipelago (PSR), iyi waini yakashongedzwa yakashongedzwa ine doro rinobva pa17 kusvika 22 muzana, chiratidzo chehunhu hwayo hwakasimba uye hunyoro hwekunakisa chimiro.
Pakuongororwa, waini iyi inokwezva nerunako rwayo rwemavara, ichichinja kubva payakatsva caramel kuenda kune inonakidza beige yakakanyiwa neakajeka maratidziro eorenji neyero, ichigadzira inoyevedza inoyevedza chiitiko. Sezvaunoiunza kumhino dzako, mutsindo wokunhuhwirira kunokwezva unooneka, kubatanidza kumbundirwa kunodziya kwehuni, kutapira kunonaka kwekarameri, kukwezva kwendarama kwouchi, uye tunhu twemuarumondi twakagochwa. Kunyatsoongorora kunhuhwirira kucharatidza manotsi emaonde anonaka, macitrus anosimbisa, honeysuckle, uye kamunungu kezvinonhuhwira, zvose zvichirukana zvinonzwika nziyo dzadzo dzinonhuhwirira. Kurudziro isina kujeka yemarmalade inowedzera kudzika uye kuomarara kurwendo urwu rwunonhuhwirira, zvichisimudzira kukwezva kwewaini.
