Troll Research Station, Antarctica - Boka remakurukota ezvakatipoteredza rakagara munzvimbo iyi iri kure yekondinendi ine chando nemusi weMuvhuro, mumazuva ekupedzisira emwaka wakaoma wekutsvaga kwemamiriro ekunze, kuti vadzidze zvakawanda nezvekunyungudika kweAntarctica kunogona kuisa pasi panjodzi. .
Vamiriri vanobva kunyika dzinopfuura gumi nembiri, kusanganisira US, China, Britain neRussia, vaifanira kusangana pachiteshi chekutsvagisa chekuNorway nemasayendisiti eAmerica neNorwegian vachiuya pagumbo rekupedzisira remakiromita mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu (1,400-mile) mwedzi rwendo pamusoro peaizi kubva kuSouth Pole.
Vashanyi vachawana “ruzivo rwepamusoro pehukuru hwekondinendi yeAntarctic nebasa rayo mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose,” akadaro murongi webasa iri, Norway's Environment Ministry.
Vachadzidzawo nezve kusavimbika kukuru kuri kukanganisa tsvakiridzo mukondinendi ino yekumaodzanyemba uye kubatana kwayo nekudziya kwepasirese: Kudziya kweAntarctica kwakadii? Yakawanda sei ice iri kunyungudika mugungwa? Inogona kukwirisa sei mazinga emakungwa pasi rese?
Mhinduro hadzina kujeka zvekuti Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), iyo yakahwina Mubairo weNobel UN sainzi network, yakabvisa njodzi inogona kubva muchando chechando kubva mukuverenga muongororo yayo ya2007 yekudziya kwepasirese.
IPCC inofungidzira kuti nyanza dzinogona kukwira kusvika masendimita 23 muzana rino remakore, kubva pakuwedzera kupisa uye kunyunguduka kweaizi, kana nyika ikaita zvishomanana kuderedza kubudiswa kwecarbon dioxide nemamwe magasi egreenhouse anonzi ari kukonzera kupisa kwemhepo.
Asi dare reUN harina kutora Antarctica neGreenland mukurangarira, sezvo kusangana kwemhepo negungwa nezvitoro zvakakura zveaizi - Antarctica ine makumi mapfumbamwe muzana echando chepasirese - hazvinzwisiswe. Uye zvakadaro chando cheWest Antarctica, mamwe ane mazaya echando ari kudurura aizi nokukurumidza zvikuru mugungwa, “angava nzvimbo ine ngozi zvikuru yokugumira muzana rino remakore,” inodaro imwe nyanzvi yezvemamiriro okunze yokuUnited States, James Hansen weNASA.
"Pane mukana wekukwira kwemamita akati wandei padanho regungwa," Hansen akaudza The Associated Press svondo rapfuura. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya “anotyisa,” anodaro musayendisiti mukuru weIPCC, Rajendra Pachauri, uyo akasangana nemakurukota muCape Town vasati vabhururuka kwemaawa mapfumbamwe vachibva kuSouth Africa.
Kuwana mhinduro kwave kuchikosha ku2007-2009 International Polar Year (IPY), kuunganidzwa kwe10,000 masayendisiti uye 40,000 vamwe vanobva munyika dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu vakaita tsvakiridzo yeArctic neAntarctic mukati memwaka miviri yapfuura yezhizha kumaodzanyemba - pachando, pagungwa, kuburikidza nengarava inopwanya aizi, pasi pegungwa uye setiraiti yekuongorora.
Nhengo gumi nembiri dzeNorwegian-American Scientific Traverse yekuEast Antarctica - vafambi "vachiuya kumba" kuTroll - chaive chikamu chakakosha chebasa irori, chakadhiza macores akadzika mumatanho egore echando munzvimbo ino-yakaongororwa zvishoma, kuti vaone. yakawanda sei chando chakadonha munhoroondo uye kuumbwa kwayo.
Basa rakadaro richabatanidzwa neimwe IPY purojekiti, kuedza kwese-kune mepu nesatellite radar "velocity fields" yeAntarctic ice sheets ese mumazhizha maviri apfuura, kuongorora kuti mazaya echando ari kusundirwa sei mugungwa rakatenderedza.
Ipapo masayendisiti anogona kunzwisisa zviri nani "mass balance" - kuti chando chakawanda sei, chinobva mukupupuma kwegungwa, chiri kudzika chando ichidira mugungwa.
"Hatina chokwadi chekuti East Antarctic ice sheet iri kuitei," David Carlson, IPY director, akatsanangura svondo rapfuura kubva kumahofisi echirongwa muCambridge, England. “Inotaridza kunge iri kuyerera nekukurumidza zvishoma. Saka izvo zvinofananidzwa nekuunganidza here? Zvavachadzoka nazvo zvichave zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise maitiro. "
Makurukota ezvemamiriro ekunze akashanya ndeaya eAlgeria, Britain, Congo, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway neSweden. Dzimwe nyika dzakamiririrwa nevagadziri vemamiriro ekunze uye nenhaurirano, vanosanganisira Xie Zhenhua wekuChina naDan Reifsnyder, mutevedzeri wemunyori weUnited States.
Mukati mezuva ravo refu vari pano pasi pechiedza chezuva chamaawa 17 chechirimo chiri kufa, apo tembiricha ichiri kudzika kusvika pedyo nezero Fahrenheit (-20 madhigirii Celsius), vashanyi vokuchamhembe vakaona zvinhu zvinoshamisa zveMambokadzi Maud Land, nzvimbo ine makomo aizi isingatenderwi. 3,000 mamaira (5,000 kilometres) maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweSouth Africa, uye akafamba neveNorwegians' high-tech Troll Research Station, yakakwidziridzwa kuita mabasa egore rose muna 2005.
Zvematongerwo enyika zvemamiriro ekunze zvakasanganiswa nesainzi. Vakabatikana muCape Town mamwe mazuva maviri apo mhepo huru yeAntarctic yakarova ndege yakarongwa kupera kwevhiki, makurukota akakumbirwa zvinyoro nyoro pakudya kwemasikati uye kudya kwemanheru nevamwe vekuScandinavia vachifarira chiito chekukurumidzira pachibvumirano chitsva chepasi rose kuti chibudirire Kyoto Protocol, chibvumirano chekudzikisa greenhouse gasi. iyo inopera muna 2012.
Hutongi hutsva hwemutungamiri wenyika yeAmerica, VaBarack Obama, hwavimbisa danho mushure memakore ekuramba kweAmerica hurongwa hweKyoto. Asi kuomarara kwenyaya uye nenguva shoma musangano weCopenhagen usati waitwa muna Zvita, zuva rakanangana nechibvumirano, zvinoita kuti mhedzisiro yacho ive isina chokwadi seremangwana remazaya echando eAntarctica uye masherufu echando ekumahombekombe.
Kwakawanda kutsvagurudza kuri kumberi, anodaro masayendisiti, kusanganisira kuferefetwa kwezvinobvira kudziya uye kushanduka kwemhepo yeSouthern Ocean inorira Antarctica. "Tinofanirwa kuisa zvimwe zviwanikwa," akadaro Carlson weIPY.
Nyanzvi dzesainzi dzinobuda pachena dzinoti kuita zvematongerwo enyika kunogona kutonyanya kudiwa nechimbichimbi.
"Isu tapererwa nedonje-pickin 'pfungwa kana tikarega nzira iyi itange," Hansen akadaro nezve kunyungudika kweAntarctic. "Nekuti hapazovi nekumisa."
