Nguva Yekufa: Tekinoroji Itsva Inodiwa Kuti Hukuru Hwakarurama

Kune vaongorori vanodzidza neurodegeneration, kushaikwa kweiyo "nguva yekufa" kuziviswa kwemaneuroni kunoita kuti zviome kupinza pasi kuti ndezvipi zvinokonzeresa kufa kwesero uye kuongorora mishonga inogona kuponesa masero achembera kubva pakufa.              

Ikozvino, vaongorori veGladstone Institutes vakagadzira tekinoroji nyowani inoita kuti vatevere zviuru zvemasero panguva uye vaone nguva chaiyo yekufa kwechero sero muboka. Chikwata chakaratidza, mupepa rakabudiswa mujenari Nature Communications, kuti nzira iyi inoshanda mumakonzo uye masero emunhu pamwe nemukati mezebrafish mhenyu, uye inogona kushandiswa kutevera maseru kwemavhiki kusvika kumwedzi.

"Kuwana nguva chaiyo yekufa kwakakosha zvikuru pakufumura chikonzero nemhedzisiro yezvirwere zveurourodegenerative," anodaro Steve Finkbeiner, MD, PhD, mutungamiriri weCentre for Systems and Therapeutics paGladstone uye munyori mukuru wezvose zviri zviviri zvidzidzo zvitsva. "Zvinoita kuti tione kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zviri kukonzera kufa kwesero, zvinongoerekana zvaitika, uye zvingave zviri kugadzirisa nzira dzinonotsa kufa."

Mune rimwe bepa rakabudiswa mumagazini yeScience Advances, vatsvakurudzi vakabatanidza tekinoroji yesero sensor nenzira yekudzidza muchina, vachidzidzisa komputa nzira yekusiyanisa maseru mupenyu uye akafa ka100 nekukurumidza uye nenzira kwayo kupfuura munhu.

"Zvakatorera vadzidzi vekoreji mwedzi kuti vaongorore rudzi urwu rwe data nemaoko, uye hurongwa hwedu hutsva hunenge hwave pakarepo - hunomhanya zvakanyanya kupfuura zvatinokwanisa kuwana mifananidzo mitsva pamicroscope," anodaro Jeremy Linsley, PhD, mutungamiri wechirongwa chesainzi muFinkbeiner's. lab uye munyori wekutanga wemapepa matsva ese.

Kudzidzisa Yekare Sensor New Tricks

Apo masero anofa—chero chikonzero nei kana kuti nzira—anopedzisira atsemuka uye ma membrane awo anoderera. Asi muitiro uyu wokushatisa unotora nguva, zvichiita kuti zviomere masayendisiti kusiyanisa masero akarega kushanda kwenguva refu, anorwara neanofa, uye aya ane utano.

Vatsvagiri vanowanzo shandisa ma tag efluorescent kana dhayi kutevedzera masero ane hosha nemaikorosikopu nekufamba kwenguva uye kuyedza kuongorora kuti varipi mukati meiyi maitiro ekuora. Mazhinji madhayi, mavara, uye mavara akagadzirwa kuti asiyanise maseru akafa kubva kune ayo achiri mapenyu, asi anowanzo shanda kwenguva pfupi asati apera uye anogona kuva muchetura kumaseru kana aiswa.

“Taida chaizvo chiratidzo chinogara kweupenyu hwose hwesero—kwete kwemaawa mashomanana chete—uye chinopa chiratidzo chakajeka pashure penguva chaiyo yafa sero,” anodaro Linsley.

Linsley, Finkbeiner, nevamwe vavo vakabatana-vakasarudza calcium sensors, yakatanga yakagadzirirwa kuronda mazinga ecalcium mukati mesero. Sero parinofa uye mamembrane aro achidonha, rimwe divi nderekuti calcium inopinda musero ine mvura inonzi cytosol, iyo inowanzova nekarusiyamu shoma.

Saka, Linsley akagadzira ma sensors e calcium kuti agare mu cytosol, maaizoita fluoresce chete kana mazinga ecalcium akawedzera kusvika padanho rinoratidza kufa kwesero. Iwo ma sensors matsva, anozivikanwa se genetically encoded death indicator (GEDI, yakadudzwa seJedi muStar Wars), inogona kuiswa mumhando ipi neipi yesero uye kuratidza kuti sero rinorarama kana kufa pamusoro pehupenyu hwese hwesero.

Kuti uedze kushandiswa kwemasensa akagadziridzwa, boka rakaisa mapoka makuru eeuroni-rimwe nerimwe rine GEDI-pasi pe microscope. Mushure mekuona masero anodarika miriyoni, mune dzimwe nguva anokonzeresa neurodegeneration uye mune mamwe akafumurwa kune zvine muchetura makomisheni, vaongorori vakawana kuti iyo GEDI sensor yaive yakanyatso kurongeka kupfuura mamwe maseru anofa zviratidzo: pakanga pasina kana imwe nyaya apo sensor yaive. akabatidzwa uye sero rikaramba riri mupenyu. Uyezve, mukuwedzera kune chokwadi ichocho, GEDI yakaitawo seyakaona kufa kwesero pane imwe nguva yapfuura kupfuura nzira dzakapfuura-padyo ne "nzvimbo yekusadzoka" yekufa kwesero.

“Izvi zvinokubvumira kuparadzanisa masero mapenyu neakafa nenzira yaisambobvira kare,” anodaro Linsley.

Superhuman Death Detection

Linsley akataura nezveGEDI kumunun'una wake - Drew Linsley, PhD, mutevedzeri wepurofesa paBrown University anoita zvekushandisa hungwaru hwekugadzira kune yakakura-chiyero chebiological data. Munin'ina wake akakurudzira kuti vatsvakurudzi vashandise sensor, pamwe chete nemuchina wekudzidza nzira, kudzidzisa kombiyuta kuti ione masero europi anorarama uye akafa anoenderana chete nechimiro chesero.

Chikwata ichi chakabatanidza mhedzisiro kubva kune nyowani sensor ine yakajairwa fluorescence data pane imwecheteyo neurons, uye vakadzidzisa komputa modhi, inonzi BO-CNN, kuti ione iyo yakajairwa fluorescence mapatani ane hukama nemaseru ari kufa anotaridzika. Muenzaniso, hama dzaLinsley dzakaratidza, wakanga wakarurama ne96 muzana kupfuura izvo vacherekedzi vavanhu vanogona kuita, uye wakanga uchikurumidza kanopfuura ka100 kupfuura mitoo yapfuura yokusiyanisa masero mapenyu naafa.

“Kune mamwe marudzi emasero, zvinonetsa zvikuru kuti munhu atore kuti sero riri benyu here kana kuti rakafa—asi muenzaniso wedu wekombiyuta, nekudzidza kubva kuGEDI, wakakwanisa kuasiyanisa zvichienderana nezvikamu zvemifananidzo yatakanga tisina kumboziva. zvaibatsira pakusiyanisa masero mapenyu neakafa,” anodaro Jeremy Linsley.

Zvose GEDI neBO-CNN zvino zvichabvumira vatsvakurudzi kuti vaite zvitsva, zvidzidzo zvepamusoro-soro kuti vaone nguva uye kupi masero europi anofa - kuguma kwakakosha kune zvimwe zvezvirwere zvakakosha. Ivo vanogona zvakare kuongorora zvinodhaka zvekugona kwavo kunonoka kana kudzivirira sero kufa muzvirwere zveurourodegenerative. Kana kuti, kana iri kenza, vanogona kutsvaka mishonga inokurumidzisa kufa kwemasero anorwara.

“Matekinoroji aya anochinja mutambo mukukwanisa kwedu kunzwisisa kupi, rini, uye nei rufu ruchiitika mumasero,” anodaro Finkbeiner. "Kekutanga, tinogona kunyatso shandisa kumhanya uye chiyero chinopihwa nekufambira mberi kweiyo robhoti-yakabatsira maikorosikopu kuti inyatso kuona kufa kwesero, uye kuita kudaro nguva isati yasvika yerufu. Tinovimba kuti izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune mamwe marapirwo ezvirwere zvakawanda zveurourodegenerative izvo zvave zvisingarapiki.