Republic of Georgia: Nhoroondo Inogadzira Yakasarudzika Waini Mbiri

Vese vakashanya ku Republic of Georgia uye vakafadzwa kwazvo nezvakasiyana waini (pakati pehumwe hunhu hwakasiyana) kuti pavakadzokera kumba, vakanyora nezvahwo.

Georgia Inosiya Nhoroondo

Kana iwe uchigara muGeorgia, unogona kudaidza nyika yako Sakartvelo. Imwe tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti zita rekuti "Georgia" rakatanga kuMiddle Ages apo varwi vechiKristu vakapfuura nemudunhu vachienda kuNyika Tsvene. Panguva iyo yaive chikamu chehushe hwePezhiya uye vagari venzvimbo iyi vaizivikanwa saGuri avo vaive vakazvipira kuna St. George muchengeti mutsvene muMiddle Ages aibvumwa neEngland, Catalonia, Venice, Genoa, nePortugal nekuti ndiye aive munhu wezvinangwa. yerudo rwechiKristu. Varwi veCrusaders vakaita hukama uye vakatumidza nyika kuti Georgia.

Kutanga kugadzira waini kweGeorgia kwakanyorwa murwiyo rwekare, "Iwe Uri Munda Wemizambiringa" wakakumikidzwa naMambo Demetrius (1093-1156AD) kuHumambo hwake hutsva hweGeorgia. Rwiyo rwacho runotanga, “Iwe uri munda wemuzambiringa uchangotumbuka, muduku wakanaka, unokura muEdheni.”

Waini yekuGeorgia yairemekedzwa zvikuru nemadzimambo eAsiriya akagadzirisa mitemo yavo yaibvumira vagari kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo newaini panzvimbo pegoridhe.

Kune rumwe rutivi rwenhoroondo ndiJoseph Stalin. Akazvarirwa muGeorgia uye akawana mukurumbira wakashata semutsigiri wehutongi hweRussia achiva mutungamiri wezvematongerwo enyika weSoviet Union kubva 1924 - 1953. Vamwe vanoramba vachimuremekedza nekuti akakunda Hitler; zvisinei, vakawanda vanomuona somudzvinyiriri ane mutoro wokuurawa kwoutsinye kwavanhu vake amene.

Nzvimbo, Nzvimbo, Nzvimbo

Makomo epamusoro-soro muEurope ndiwo Makomo eCaucasus, achigadzira muganhu pakati peGeorgia neRussia. Nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro inogona kunge iri muRussia; zvisinei, iyo yechipiri yepamusoro peak, Shkara, iri muGeorgia (17,040 ft) ichirova Mount Blanc neanenge 1312 tsoka.

Iri makiromita mazana matanhatu kumabvazuva kweBosporus, Georgia iri muAsia, yakaganhurwa neGungwa Dzvuku kumadokero, Russia kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Turkey kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, Armenia kumaodzanyemba, uye Azerbaijan kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Nyika inovhara 600 sq mamaira ine huwandu hwevanhu 26,900 miriyoni. Chikamu chetatu chevanhu vanogara muTbilisi - guta guru uye guta guru rine 3.7 mamiriyoni evagari.

Waini Chikamu cheNhoroondo

Kugadzira waini muGeorgia chikamu chenhoroondo yayo sezvo hurongwa hwacho hwakatanga makore anopfuura 8,000 apfuura uye vazhinji vanofunga kuti Republici ndiyo "kuchera waini." Kwemazana emakore, Georgia yakapindirwa nechisimba, ichisundidzira vagadziri vewaini vekare kubva muminda yavo yemizambiringa. Sezvineiwo, pakanga paine tsika yekuchengetedza saplings yekurima yekuchinja iyo yaigonesa viticulture uye winemaking kurarama.

Ngano inotaura kuti Saint Nino, muparidzi wekutanga wechiKristu muGeorgia, akagadzira muchinjikwa wake kubva pamatande emuzambiringa uye akaputira madzinde nebvudzi rake. Zvinotendwa zvakare kuti mamongi eAlaverdi monastery akabatsira mukuchengetedza nzira yeqvevri (aka kvevri uye tchuri).

Vagadziri vewaini muGeorgia vakabudirira muMiddle Ages, sezvo nharaunda yokumabvazuva yeMediterranean yakazununguswa neHondo dzechiKristudhomu. Sorudzi rwechiKristu, Georgia yakasiyiwa isina kukuvadzwa neVarwi VechiKristu uye yakakwanisa kusimudzira kurima kwayo nekutengeserana murunyararo. Gare gare, yakaramba iri kunze kweHumambo hweOttoman, ine mutemo weIslam Sharia wairambidza kunwa waini.

Kugadzirwa kwewaini kwakabudirira muGeorgia kusvika phylloxera uye mildew zvasvika kubva kuAmerica mukupera kwe19th Century. Chipembenene ichi chakaparadza maeka angangoita 150,000 (60,700ha) eminda yemizambiringa.

Georgia payakapinda pasi peSoviet makumi mashoma emakore gare gare, minda yemizambiringa yakasimwazve muzviuru zvayo kuti ienderane nekuwedzera kudiwa. Nekudaro, mukupera kwema1980s yakaona inoshamisa nezve-chiso muSoviet Union maitiro ewaini. Mikhail Gorbachev's aggressive anti-doro mushandirapamwe wakakanganisa kutengeswa kwewaini yekuGeorgia kunze kwenyika.

Nyika yangove nenguva pfupi yekugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kubva payakawana kuzvitonga kubva kuUSSR muna 1991. Kunetsana pakati peGeorgia neRussia kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi nhasi, sezvinoratidzwa neRussia yakarambidza kutengesa waini yeGeorgia muna 2006, iyo isina kubviswa kusvika June 2013.

Georgia'a Qvevri nzira

Qvevri midziyo mikuru yevhu yevhu yevhu inoshandiswa kuvirisa, kuchengetedza, uye kuchembera kwewaini yechinyakare yechiGeorgian. Mudziyo wakafanana neamphorae yakakura, yakaita zai isina mibato uye inogona kuvigwa pasi pevhu kana kuiswa muuriri hwemahombe ewaini.

Amphorae inogadzirwa nemaoko uye qvevri haina mibato, inosiyanisa mabasa ega ega. MuGreece neRoma yekare, amphorae yaishandiswa chete kutakura uye kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvinodyiwa sewaini nemafuta emuorivhi uye kwete kugadzira waini.

Qvevri yakagara iri chikamu chekugadzira winemaking uye haina kukodzera kutakura nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye, zvechokwadi, inovigwa muvhu.

Munguva yekupedzisira yekuvakwa kweqvevri, mukati memudziyo wega wega wakafukidzwa newakisi (hari dzinoramba dziri porous uye dzinobvumira imwe mweya kupfuura panguva yekuvirisa); iyo nyuchi inobatsira kudzivirira mvura uye sterize mudziyo ichibvumira winemaking nzira yehutsanana uye midziyo iri nyore kuchenesa mushure mekushandisa kwega kwega. Kana yangoiswa pasi pevhu, kana yacheneswa uye ichichengetwa zvakanaka, qvevri inogona kushandiswa kwemazana emakore.

Pakutanga, qvevri dzeGeorgia yekare dzakanga dzakakura zvakakwana kuti dzigone kugovera zvinodikanwa zvemhuri. Sezvo kudiwa kwakawedzera qvevri yakawedzera kugonesa kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwewaini pamudziyo wega wega. Sezvo saizi yakawedzera zviumbwa zvevhu zvakava zvisina kugadzikana pasi pehuremu hwazvo hukuru pamwe nekuwanda kwekumanikidza panguva yekuvirisa. Kubatsira mukudzikamisa panguva yekuita, winemakers vakatanga kuviga qvevri pasi pevhu. Uku kwaive kushamisika kunoshamisa kwekufamba kwekufambisa kugadzirwa pasi pevhu vakawana chimiro chekare chefiriji (tembiricha inotonhorera pasi pevhu). Izvi zvinoita kuti maceration atore nguva yakareba kuti mazambiringa avirire, izvo zvingaita kuti waini iparare pamusoro pevhu. Iyo yakawedzera maceration nguva inovandudza kuwedzera kwekunhuhwirira uye flavour profiles muqvevri waini. UNESCO yakatumidza nzira yeqvevri senzvimbo isingabatike yeCultural Heritage muna 2013.

The Process

Mazambiringa anotsikirirwa zvishoma asati apinda muqvevri kuti avirise. Mune mamwe matunhu, matehwe nemadzinde anogona kuverengerwa; zvisinei, munzvimbo dzinotonhora izvi zvinoonekwa sezvisingafadzi nekuti waini inogona kukudziridza "girinhi" maitiro.

Kuvirisa kunotanga mushure memazuva mashoma uye kunoenderera kwemavhiki 2-4. Sezvo huwandu hwakasimba hwematehwe, madzinde, kana chivharo chinokura, chinonyura pasi pepamusoro pemuto unovirisa. Chivharo chinopa zvinonaka, zvinonhuwira, uye tannins kumuzambiringa unofanira. Panguva yekuvirisa, kapu iyi inoroverwa pasi kaviri pazuva kuti iwedzere kukanganisa kwayo pawaini.

Kana iyo cap inozodonha, matehwe nemadzinde zvinobviswa kune waini tsvuku, nepo machena achisara n kusangana. Nhanho inotevera ndeyekuvhara qvevri nematombo ematombo uye kuvirisa malolactic kunotanga. Mazambiringa anosiiwa kuti akure kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu, panguva iyo lees uye yakasimba inowira muchikamu chiri pazasi pemudziyo apo kubata uye kukanganisa kushoma.

Pakupera kwekuita, waini inotamirwa kune ichangobva kucheneswa qvevri kana imwe mudziyo wekuchengetedza kusvikira bhodhoro; dzimwe nguva waini inoputirwa pakarepo.

Kvevris inobata 10 kusvika 10,000 litres (800 inowanzoitika) uye inopfumisa waini nevhu rakavhurika. Waini haina sulphurated uye inogadzira orange hue waini ine zvishoma oxidative uye tannic.

Imwe Assortment Yemazambiringa

Georgia ine mahekita anoda kusvika 50,000 emazambiringa, ne75 muzana yakasimwa mumazambiringa machena uye 25 muzana mumazambiringa matsvuku. Chikamu chikuru cheminda yemizambiringa yenyika inodyarwa mudunhu reKakheti kumabvazuva kweGeorgia, nzvimbo yekutanga yekugadzira winemaking. Mazambiringa maviri akatanhamara iRkatsiteli (white) uye Saperavi (tsvuku).

Georgia inoverenga ingangosvika mazana mashanu emarudzi emarudzi emazambiringa asi kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, kugadzirwa kwekutengesa kwaitarisa kushoma kwazvo sezvo kwakawanda kwakatsvairwa munguva dzeSoviet apo kumikidzo kwaienderana nekubatanidzwa uye kushanda nesimba. Nhasi, kumativi makumi mana neshanu marudzi anogadzirwa nekutengesa; zvisinei, hurumende yeGeorgia iri pachinangwa chekuchengetedza uye kuunzazve mazambiringa akare uye kuwedzera sarudzo. Muzhizha ra500, National Wine Agency yakatanga kudzoreredza indasitiri yewaini nekupa zvinopfuura zviuru mazana manomwe ezvirimwa zve “zvisinganzwisisike” nemhando dzechivanhu kuvarimi kutenderera nyika. 

Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti mazambiringa machena eRkatsiteli akatanga kubuda kumabvazuva kweGeorgia (zana ramakore rekutanga), anoburitsa waini chena inooneka asi yakadzikama ine flavour yakazara uye muviri wakazara. Inopa crisp green apple flavour ine hints yequince uye white peach. Chiitiko chemukanwa chakaoma nekuda kwechiGeorgian qvevri nzira yekugadzira.

Mazambiringa matsvuku anotungamira, Saperavi, ndeyekuGeorgia (zvinoreva: nzvimbo yeruvara). Ndiyo imwe yemhando shoma dzeteinturier (French: dye kana stain) mhando dzemazambiringa munyika ine nyama tsvuku pamwe neganda dzvuku. Inopa yakadzika, inky, kazhinji isina kunyatsojeka ruvara ine zvinonhuwira uye zvinonaka zvemabriji akasviba, licorice, nyama yakagochwa, fodya, chokoreti, uye zvinonhuwira.

Kufanotaura Kunobudirira. Zvichida

Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti Georgia iri kurwara nechirwere chakakomba che "wine fever" nemunhu wese ane shungu yekutora chikamu. VeGeorgian vari kudzidzira sehunyanzvi sommeliers, winemakers, uye winery tour guides, uye kune kuwedzera nhamba yemakirasi evatengi.

Nhasi waini dzeGeorgian dziri kuwanikwa munyika makumi mashanu nenhatu dzinosanganisira Poland, neKazakhstan. China, France, Israel, Netherlands, US, uye Canada. Indasitiri ikozvino iri munguva yekuwanikwazve, kuvandudzwa, uye kukura - uye vatengi vewaini vepasirese vakagadzirira kugamuchira mawaini aya kumusika wemakwikwi e-commerce, zvitoro zvewaini, uye nzira dzewaini dzemasupamaketi uye zvitoro zvepa airport. Makumi makumi masere ewaini aishanda muna 53, pakazosvika 2006 pakanga paine vangangoita chiuru chewaini.

Chii chichaitwa nevagadziri vewaini vekuGeorgia? Vanogona kutora mari pamhando dzemazambiringa epasi rose uye nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, vanoenda pakugadzira zvitaera zvewaini zvakaibva zvakanyanya. Neimwe nzira, vanogona kusarudza kutora pane zvenhoroondo, zvenguva refu mhando nemhando dzewaini. Iyo yakanyanya kusimba ingangove musanganiswa wezviviri. 

Georgia Wine Association

Muna 2010, nhengo dzeindasitiri yewaini yeGeorgian dzakagadzira iyo Georgian Wine Association (GWA) sepuratifomu yekutsigira, kusimudzira, uye kuchinjana mazano. Sangano rine nhengo makumi matatu izwi renzvimbo yewaini yeGeorgia mukati nekunze uye ine chinangwa chekuwedzera ruzivo uye kukoshesa kwewaini yeGeorgia. Sangano iri zvakare rakapihwa basa rekuchengetedza nekuvandudza tsika dzewaini dzemuno uye nzira dzekugadzira waini, kudyara uye kuonesa endemic varietals, kutsigira tsvakiridzo yesainzi uye viticulture dzidzo pamwe nekusimudzira chikamu chekushanya kwewaini. 

Curated Waini Mazano

1. Teliani Tsolikouri 2021. Nzvimbo: Orbeli, Lechkhumi district

Teliani Valley ndiyo yekutanga rudzi rweGeorgia kupinda mumusika weAmerica uye yakakura kwazvo yenyika inogadzira 500,000 makesi pagore ne70 muzana inotengeswa kunze. Inosanganisa matekiniki echinyakare uye echimanjemanje kugadzira waini kubva kumarudzi echiGeorgian mazambiringa.

Munda wemizambiringa uyu uri panzvimbo yaPrince Alexander Chavchavadze (1786-1846), mudetembi wekuGeorgia, mubatsiri weveruzhinji, uye nhengo yemauto anoonekwa se "baba veGeorgian romanticism." Iko pano kuti waini yakatanga kuiswa mubhodhoro muGeorgia uye muunganidzwa wewaini yevintage inobata bhodhoro rekare rewaini ya1814.

• Zvinyorwa.

Funga Chablis ine chiedza-remon hue, yakagadzirwa kubva kuTsolikouri varietal, ine minerality uye mazano eremoni, uye limestone; mutsva uye muchero (funga pear, green apple, grapefruit, pineapple) uye uchi). Batanidza nehuku yakakangwa.

2. Gvantsa Aladasturi Red 2021. Nzvimbo: Imereti region; Aladasturi mazambiringa akasiyana; zvakaviriswa nembiriso yemusango; mazambiringa anorimwa pakakwirira. Organic. Yakagadzirwa naGvantsa Abuladze, uye sisi Baia.

• Zvinyorwa.

Pale ruby ​​tsvuku kuziso, chidimbu che raspberries itsva, tsvuku tsvuku, zvinyorwa zvemaruva kumhino; tannins yakaenzana uye yakapfava; mazano emuchero mutsvuku, zvinyoro zvinyoro pamuromo, zvinotungamirira kumagumo akareba. Batanidza negwayana rakagochwa kana nyama yenguruve.

3. Tevza Chinuri 2021. Nzvimbo: Kartli nharaunda (misha yeBebris neVazian); 100 percent Chinuri mazambiringa akasiyana; 14-y/o mazambiringa anotorwa nemaoko, anotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yewaini, uye akanyatsopwanywa muqvevri; kuvirisa kunotanga pakamuri tembiricha. Kuvirisa kwepakarepo kunomira kana waini yaoma uye izvi zvinoteverwa nekuvirisa kweMLF.

Iro zita rinotorwa kubva kune rumwe ruvara rwegoridhe, rwakaratidzwa pachiratidziro. Chinuri iganda rakatetepa remazambiringa akasiyana ane akajeka akajeka pulp uye muto. Goga Tevazdze ndiye winemaker (yakavambwa muna 2018). Unfiltered; inoshandisa mbiriso yekuzvarwa pakuvirisa; macerates machena kwemavhiki 4-6 pamatehwe muqvevri ane mashoma eSO2.

• Zvinyorwa.

Yero yakapfava kuita amber paziso; minerality, citrus, creamy, textured nekuoma kukuru

ruzivo

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve Wines yeGeorgia: the Georgian Wine Association (GWA).

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Ichi chinyorwa chekopirisita, kusanganisira mapikicha, chingangodaro chichiburitswa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kumunyori