Iyo (Un) yakajairwa Kufungira yeBat -Kutanga Novel Coronavirus

A ongororo yazvino uno inozivisa ari novel coronavirus inokonzera denda repneumonia mudunhu reHubei kuChinahutachiona hwechiremwaremwa hune hukama kune mamwe anozivikanwa pathogenic coronaviruses

The 2019 novel coronavirus (CoV) inokonzera pneumonia inouraya iyo yauraya vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zana nemakumi matatu, uye vanopfuura zviuru mazana mashanu nemazana maviri vakabatwa nechirwere ichi. Kukadzi 13, 2020, zvese mukati meinopfuura mwedzi. Asi, chii chinonzi utachiona uhu? Hutachiona hutsva zvachose here? Zvakabva kupi? Masayendisiti kubva kumasangano epamusoro ekutsvagisa muChina vakabatana kuti vapindure mibvunzo iyi, uye chidzidzo ichi chakapayona chakaburitswa mukati. Chinese Chiremba Zvinyorwa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFKWluuMdgs

Mukutanga kwaZvita, vanhu vashoma muguta reWuhan mudunhu reHubei kuChina vakatanga kurwara mushure mekuenda kumusika wemuno wegungwa. Vakasangana nezviratidzo senge kukosora, fivha, uye kupfupika kwekufema, uye kunyangwe matambudziko ane chekuita neacute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Kuongororwa kwepakarepo kwaiva mabayo, asi chainyatsokonzera chakanga chisingatsananguriki. Chii chakakonzera kubuda kutsva uku? Ndiyo yakanyanya acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -CoV? Ndiyo Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) -CoV? Sezvazvinoitika, masayendisiti akange aita ongororo yekuona hutachiona uhu muna Zvita mushure mekuongorora nyaya shoma dzekutanga. Chidzidzo ichi chave kuburitswa mu Chinese Chiremba Zvinyorwa uye kuzivikanwa kwehutachiona hwakatangwa - hutachiona hutsva hutsva, hune hukama neiyo bat SARS-yakafanana neCoV. Dr. Jianwei Wang (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathogen Biology), muongorori anotungamirira pakudzidza, anoti, "Bepa redu rakasimbisa kuzivikanwa kweiyo bat-origin CoV yanga isingazivikanwe kusvika zvino."

Muchidzidzo ichi, masayendisiti kubva kumasangano ane mukurumbira ekutsvagisa muChina, akadai seChinese Academy of Medical Sayenzi, Institute of Pathogen Biology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, uye Peking Union Medical College, vakabatana vakawana uye vakaziva iyo itsva CoV-inonyanya kukonzera kubuda kweWuhan-nechizvarwa chinotevera kutevedzana (NGS). Vakatarisa varwere vashanu vakapihwa muchipatara cheJin Yin-tan muWuhan, vazhinji vacho vaive vashandi muHuanan Seafood Market muWuhan. Varwere ava vaive nefivha yakanyanya, kukosora, nezvimwe zviratidzo, uye vakamboonekwa kuti vaive nemabayo, asi nechikonzero chisingazivikanwe. Mamiriro evamwe varwere akakurumidza kuipa kusvika kuARDS; mumwe akatofa. Dr Wang vanoti, "Chifuva x-rays chevarwere chakaratidza mamwe hazy opacities uye kubatanidzwa, izvo zvakajairwa nemabayo. Zvisinei, taida kuziva kuti chii chaikonzera mabayo acho, uye kuongorora kwatakaita kwakazoratidza chainyatsokonzera-CoV nyowani yakanga isingazivikanwe kare."

Pachidzidzo ichi, masayendisiti akashandisa bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples inotorwa kubva kuvarwere (BAL inzira iyo mvura isina utachiona inotapirwa kumapapu kuburikidza nebronchoscope uye inounganidzwa kuti iongororwe).

Chekutanga, masayendisiti akaedza kuona hutachiona kuburikidza nejenome sequencing, vachishandisa tekinoroji yeNGS. NGS ndiyo yakasarudzika nzira yekuongorora yekuona utachiona husingazivikanwe nekuti inokurumidza kuona uye kutonga kunze kwese anozivikanwa pathogenic microorganisms mumuenzaniso. Zvichienderana nekutevedzana kweDNA/RNA kubva kuBAL fluid samples, masayendisiti akawana kuti mazhinji evhairasi akaverengwa aive emhuri yeCoV. Masayendisiti akabva aunganidza "zviverengero" zvakasiyana izvo zvaive zveCoVs uye vakagadzira genomic kutevedzana kwehutachiona hutsva; kutevedzana uku kwaive 99.8-99.9% yakafanana pakati pemasampuli ese evarwere, zvichisimbisa kuti hutachiona uhu hwaive hwakajairika muvarwere vese. Kupfuurirazve, vachishandisa ongororo yehomology, apo kutevedzana kwegenome kunofananidzwa kune mamwe anozivikanwa genome sequences (ine preset pachikumbaridzo che90% kuti ionekwe se "nyowani" kutevedzana), vakasimbisa kuti genome kutevedzana kwehutachiona hutsva uhwu 79.0% yakafanana neSARS-CoV, ingangoita 51.8% yakafanana neMERS-CoV, uye ingangoita 87.6–87.7% yakafanana nedzimwe SARS-seCoVs kubva kuChinese horseshoe bats (inonzi ZC45 uye ZXC21). Ongororo yePhylogenetic yakaratidza kuti kutevedzana kwemhando shanu dzeCoV dzakawanikwa dzaive padyo nedziya dzemhando dzakatorwa nebat, asi dzakagadzira matavi akasiyana ekushanduka. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinoratidza pachena kuti hutachiona hwakabva kune zviremwaremwa. Dr Wang vanoti, "Nekuti kufanana kweiyo viral replicase gene nemamwe mavhairasi anozivikanwa "akafanana" achiri pasi pe90%, uye zvakare tichifunga nezve phylogenetic kuongororwa mhedzisiro, isu tinofunga kuti iyi ichokwadi itsva, yaimbozivikanwa CoV. Hutachiona hutsva uhu hunonzi 2019-ncov."

Chekupedzisira, masayendisiti akatamira ku "kuparadzanisa" hutachiona kubva kuBAL fluid samples nekutarisa kana masampuri emvura airatidza cytopathic maitiro kumasero mitsara murabhoritari. Iwo maseru akafumurwa kumasampuri emvura akaonekwa pasi peelectronic microscope, uye masayendisiti akawana hunhu hwakaita seCoV. Vakashandisawo immunofluorescence-nzira inoshandisa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere akaiswa madhayi efluorescent. Nokuda kweizvi, vakashandisa serum kubva kuvarwere vanopora (iyo yaiva nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya), iyo yakaita nehutachiona hwehutachiona mukati memasero; izvi zvakasimbisa kuti hutachiona uhu zvechokwadi hwaive hwakonzeresa hutachiona.

Chidzidzo ichi chinovhura nzira yekuti zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvinzwisise hutachiona uye kwahunobva zvirinani, kunyanya zvichipihwa kupararira kwayo nekukurumidza, kugona kwayo kukonzera inouraya ARDS, uye kutya kunokonzerwa nekubuda. Kunyangwe vana pavarwere vashanu vakaonekwa hutachiona uhu vaibva kumusika wemugungwa muWuhan, kwakabva hutachiona hauzivikanwe. Iyo CoV inogona kunge yakapfuudzwa kuvanhu kuburikidza ne "yepakati" inotakura, senge iri nyaya yeSARS-CoV (palm civet nyama) kana MERS-CoV (ngamera). Dr Wang vanopedzisa vachiti, "Ese maCoVs evanhu ari zoonotic, uye akati wandei maCoVs evanhu akabva kumaremwaremwa, kusanganisira maSARS- neMERS-CoVs. Chidzidzo chedu chinoratidza zvakajeka kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kugara uchitarisisa kutapurirana kweBat-origin CoVs kuvanhu. Kubuda kwehutachiona uhu kutyisidzira kukuru kuhutano hweveruzhinji, uye nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kwakabva hutachiona uhu uye tosarudza matanho anotevera tisati taona kubuda kukuru.. "