Zvizhinji zvenyika zvinoziva Petra, dongo rekare riri muJoridhani yomuzuva razvino uno rinopembererwa munhetembo se“guta dzvuku, ‘nehafu yekare,’” uye iro rakapa mamiriro ezvinhu makuru e“Indiana Jones and the Last. Crusade."
Asi vashoma kwazvo vanoziva Madain Saleh, pfuma inoshamisa yakafanana yakavakwa nebudiriro imwe cheteyo, maNabateans.
Imhaka yekuti iri muSaudi Arabia, uko vanochengetedza vanovenga zvakanyanya nzvimbo dzechihedheni, dzechiJudha nedzechiKristu dzakatangira kuvambwa kweIslam muzana ramakore rechinomwe.
Asi ikozvino, mukunyarara asi kunooneka shanduko hongu, umambo hwakavhura bhomba rekuchera matongo nekubvumira Saudi nevekunze vanochera matongo kuti vaongorore maguta uye nzira dzekutengesa dzakarasika mugwenga.
Kunzwa kwacho kunodzika. Vanochera matongo vanoyambirwa kuti vasataure nezve pre-Islamic inowanikwa kunze kwemabhuku enyanzvi. Pfuma shoma yekare inoratidzwa, uye hapana zvisaririra zvechiKristu kana zvechiJudha. Chechi yechina kana 4th yezana yekumabvazuva kweSaudi Arabia yakavharirwa kubva payakawanikwa netsaona makore makumi maviri apfuura uye kwairi chaiko kwakavanzika.
Mukuona kwevanochengetedza, nyika iyo Islam yakavambwa uye Muporofita Muhammad akaberekwa inofanira kuramba iri yeMuslim. Saudi Arabia inorambidza kuratidzwa pachena kwemichinjikwa nemachechi, uye pese panofukunurwa zvinhu zvisiri zvechiIslam, nhau dzinofanirwa kuchengetwa dzakadzika-kiyi kutyira kuti mabhanhire akaomarara anoparadza zvakawanikwa.
"Vanofanira kusiiwa pasi," akadaro Sheikh Mohammed al-Nujaimi, mufundisi anozivikanwa, achiratidzira maonero evatungamiriri vezvitendero vazhinji. “Matongo ese evasiri maMuslim haafanirwe kubatwa. Vasiye munzvimbo yavo, sezvavave vakaita kwezviuru zvemakore. "
Mubvunzurudzo, akati maKristu nemaJuda vangangotaura zvakawanikwa zvezvisaririra, uye kuti maMuslim aizotsamwa kana zviratidzo zvekare zvezvimwe zvitendero zvikaonekwa. “Michinjikwa ingaratidzwa sei kana chiIslam chisingazivi kuti Kristu akarovererwa pamuchinjikwa?” akadaro al-Nujaimi. "Kana tikavaratidza, zvinoita sekunge tinoziva kurovererwa."
Munguva yakapfuura, zviremera zveSaudi zvakarambidza vanochera matongo vekunze kupa rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kuzvikwata zveSaudi. Kutanga muna 2000, vakatanga kuita zvishoma nezvishoma kudzikamisa izvo zvakazopera gore rapfuura nezvikwata zveAmerica, zveEuropean neSaudi zvakatanga kuchera kwakakura pamasaiti anga aenda kurerutswa, kana zvachose.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zviremera zviri kuyedza zvishoma nezvishoma kuzivisa ruzhinji rweSaudi nepfungwa yekuongorora zvakapfuura, muchikamu kuti pakupedzisira vagadzirise kushanya. Mushure memakore ekuvharwa, Madain Saleh ane makore zviuru zviviri ndeyeSaudi Arabia yekutanga UNESCO World Heritage Site uye yakavhurika kune vashanyi. Nhepfenyuro dzehurumende zvino dzinopota dzichitaura zvakawanikwa pamwe chete nemamiziyamu ehumambo madiki anozivikanwa.
"Yatove shanduko huru," akadaro Christian Robin, nyanzvi yezvokuchera matongo yeFrance uye nhengo yeCollege de France. Ari kushanda munharaunda yeNajran yokumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, inotaurwa muBhaibheri nezita rekuti Raamah uye yaimbova muzinda weumambo hwechiJudha nehwechiKristu.
Hapana zvigadzirwa zvechiKristu zvakawanikwa muNajran, akadaro.
Anotungamira shanduko iyi ndiMuchinda Sultan bin Salman wemhuri yehumambo, aive Saudi wekutanga muchadenga paakabhururuka nechikepe cheUS Discovery muna 1985. Iye zvino ava munyori mukuru wehurumende yeSaudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities.
Dhaifallah Altalhi, mukuru wekomisheni yekutsvagisa nzvimbo kuhurumende yeSaudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities, akati kune zviuru zvina zvakarekodhwa nzvimbo dzenguva nemhando dzakasiyana, uye mazhinji ekuchera ari panzvimbo dzechiIslam.
"Tinobata masaiti edu ese zvakaenzana," akadaro Altalhi. "Ichi chikamu chenhoroondo netsika yenyika uye chinofanira kuchengetedzwa nekuvandudzwa." Akataura kuti vanochera matongo vakasununguka kuongorora uye kukurukura zvavakawana munzvimbo dzedzidzo.
Kunyange zvakadaro, vanochera matongo vanongwarira. Vazhinji vakaramba kutaura kuThe Associated Press nezvebasa ravo muumambo.
IArabia Peninsula yakapfuma, inenge isati yambobatwa nharaunda yevanochera matongo. Munguva dzechiIsramu chisati chavapo chaive chakazara nehumambo hudiki uye chaimomoka nenzira dzemakaravhani kuenda kuMediterranean. Vanhu vekare vechiArabu - vaNabatean, vaLihyans, vaThamud - vakataurirana nevaAsiriya nevaBhabhironi, vaRoma nevaGiriki.
Zvakawanda nezvavo hazvizivikanwi.
Najran, yakawanikwa muma1950s, yakapindwa makore angangoita zana Muhammad asati azvarwa naDhu Nawas, mutongi wehumambo hweHimyar muYemen yakavakidzana. Sezvo akanga atendeukira kuchiJudha, akauraya madzinza echiKristu, achisiya zvinyorwa zvokukunda zvakavezwa pamatombo.
PaJurash iri pedyo, nzvimbo yakanga isati yambobatwa mumakomo akatarisana neGungwa Dzvuku, boka rinotungamirirwa naDavid Graf weYunivhesiti yeMiami riri kufumura guta rinenge rave kusvika 500 BC Kuchera kunogona kuzadza ruzivo rwenzira dzezvinonhuwira dzinopfuura. nzvimbo uye kudyidzana kwehumambo hwedunhu mukati memakore 1,000.
Uye rwendo rweFrench-Saudi rwuri kuita kuchera kwakanyanya mumakumi emakore kuMadain Saleh. Guta, rinozivikanwawo seal-Hijr, rine makuva anopfuura zana nemakumi matatu akavezwa mumakomo. Anenge makiromita 130 kubva kuPetra, inofungidzirwa kuti inoratidza nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwehumambo hweNabatean.
Mune yakakosha 2000 yakawanikwa, Altalhi yakafukunura kutsaurirwa kwechiLatin kwemadziro eguta akadzorerwa kuMadain Saleh ayo airemekedza mambo weRoma wezana ramakore rechipiri Marcus Aurelius.
Parizvino, hapasati pave nekukakavadzana kunozivikanwa nevachengetedzi pamusoro pekuchera kutsva, muchidimbu nekuti ivo vari mumatanho ekutanga, havana kunyanya kukurukurwa muSaudi Arabia, uye havasati vaburitsa chero zviziviso zvezvakawanda zvechiKristu kana zvechiJudha zvakawanikwa.
Asi kudanwa kuti nyika icheneswe nezvimwe zvitendero inodzika mukati maSaudi mazhinji. Kunyangwe nzvimbo yeMadain Saleh yakavhurika kushanya, vazhinji veSaudis vanoramba kushanyira zvikonzero zvechitendero nekuti Korani inoti Mwari vakaiparadza nekuda kwezvivi zvayo.
Kuchera dzimwe nguva kunoshorwa nevagari vomunzvimbomo vanotya kuti nharaunda yavo ichazivikanwa se“chiKristu” kana kuti “chechiJudha.” Uye chiIslam chiri chitendero cheiconoclastic, ma-hard-liners ave achizivikanwa kuti anoparadza nzvimbo dzekare dzechiIslam kuti dzisave zvinhu zvinonamatwa.
Mamiyuziyamu eSaudi anoratidza zvishoma zvisiri zvechiIslam zvigadzirwa.
Riyadh's National Museum inoratidza zvidhori zvidiki zvisati zvaitika zveIslam, chifukidzo chegoridhe uye mufananidzo mukuru wetembere yechihedheni. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvidhori zvechikadzi zvakanyorwa, asi zvisipo - zvingangove zvine musoro kurambidzwa kweumambo pamifananidzo yechimiro chevakadzi.
Chiratidziro chidiki paKing Saud University muRiyadh chinoratidza zvidhori zvidiki zvisina mushwi zvaHercules naApollo mubronze, chiono chinokatyamadza munyika umo kushama muunyanzvi kunoshorwa zvikuru.
Muna 1986, mapikiniki akawana netsaona chechi yekare mudunhu rekumabvazuva kweJubeil. Mifananidzo yechivako chematombo chiri nyore chinoratidza michinjikwa mugonhi remusuo.
Yakavharirwa - nekuda kwekudzivirirwa kwayo, zviremera zvinoti - uye vanochera matongo vanorambidzwa kuiongorora.
Faisal al-Zamil, muzvinabhizimusi weSaudi uye anochera matongo, anoti akashanyira chechi kakawanda.
Anoyeuka achipa pepanhau reSaudi nyaya pamusoro penzvimbo iyi uye akarambwa nemupepeti.
"Akashamisika," al-Zamil akadaro. "Akati haakwanise kuburitsa chidimbu."
ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:
- He is working in the southwestern region of Najran, mentioned in the Bible by the name Raamah and once a center of Jewish and Christian kingdoms.
- Asi ikozvino, mukunyarara asi kunooneka shanduko hongu, umambo hwakavhura bhomba rekuchera matongo nekubvumira Saudi nevekunze vanochera matongo kuti vaongorore maguta uye nzira dzekutengesa dzakarasika mugwenga.
- Spearheading the change is the royal family’s Prince Sultan bin Salman, who was the first Saudi in space when he flew on the U.
